Snap91 synaptosome associated protein 91 [Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Snap91provided by RGD
Official Full Name: synaptosome associated protein 91provided by RGD
Primary source: RGD:69276
See related: Ensembl:ENSRNOG00000023861 AllianceGenome:RGD:69276
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Rattus norvegicus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
Also known as: AP3; Ap180
Summary: Enables several functions, including SH2 domain binding activity; clathrin adaptor activity; and phospholipase inhibitor activity. Involved in several processes, including positive regulation of cellular component organization; positive regulation of synaptic vesicle clustering; and regulation of terminal button organization. Located in several cellular components, including cytoplasmic vesicle; postsynaptic density; and presynaptic active zone membrane. Is active in Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapse; parallel fiber to Purkinje cell synapse; and postsynaptic membrane. Is extrinsic component of presynaptic endocytic zone membrane. Biomarker of middle cerebral artery infarction. Orthologous to human SNAP91 (synaptosome associated protein 91). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jul 2025]
Expression: Biased expression in Brain (RPKM 342.9), Adrenal (RPKM 46.3) and 2 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 8q31

Exon count:: 30

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1)	8	NC_086026.1 (96618039..96732763, complement)
RS_2023_06	previous assembly	mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2)	8	NC_051343.1 (87738056..87852690, complement)
106	previous assembly	Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5)	8	NC_005107.4 (94447558..94564772, complement)

Chromosome 8 - NC_086026.1 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
BioProject: PRJNA238328
Publication: PMID 24510058
Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Neurons with reduced AP180 had smaller Synaptophysin::EGFP-illuminated puncta. Synaptic vesicles were enlarged & their density and size were reduced.
Title: Reduction of AP180 and CALM produces defects in synaptic vesicle size and density.
AP180 purified from rat brain contains a phosphorylated O-GlcNAc (O-GlcNAc-P) within a highly conserved sequence
Title: A novel post-translational modification in nerve terminals: O-linked N-acetylglucosamine phosphorylation.
These findings suggest that AP180 levels and synaptic distribution are highly sensitive to neuronal activity.
Title: Neuronal activity and the expression of clathrin-assembly protein AP180.
These results identify the developmental stage of AP180 and CALM expression and suggest that each protein has distinct functions in neural development.
Title: Clathrin assembly proteins AP180 and CALM in the embryonic rat brain.
Knockdown of AP180 primarily impairs axonal development, whereas reducing CALM levels results in dendritic dystrophy. endocytosis is reduced in both AP180-deficient and CALM-deficient neurons.
Title: Clathrin assembly protein AP180 and CALM differentially control axogenesis and dendrite outgrowth in embryonic hippocampal neurons.
High expression levels of AP180 were found in hippocampal tissues as early as embryonic day 18; AP180 was found in synapses at all developmental stages and in nonsynaptic growing processes.
Title: AP180 and CALM in the developing hippocampus: expression at the nascent synapse and localization to trafficking organelles.
The expression of AP180 and AP-2 in the clathrin endocytic pathway might aid synaptic vesicle reformation via efficient assembly of clathrin, thus controlling the size of assembled vesicles and recovering SV components.
Title: High-resolution localization of clathrin assembly protein AP180 in the presynaptic terminals of mammalian neurons.
AP180 is located predominantly in presynaptic profiles, whereas CALM is found nonselectively in pre- and postsynaptic profiles and also in perisynaptic processes.
Title: Synaptic distribution of the endocytic accessory proteins AP180 and CALM.

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

M83985 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:124990

RH138297 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:220384

Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables 1-phosphatidylinositol binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables 1-phosphatidylinositol binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables 1-phosphatidylinositol binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables SH2 domain binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables SNARE binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables SNARE binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables clathrin adaptor activity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
enables clathrin binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables clathrin binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables clathrin heavy chain binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables clathrin heavy chain binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables clathrin heavy chain binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables clathrin heavy chain binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables inositol hexakisphosphate binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables molecular adaptor activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables molecular adaptor activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables phospholipase C inhibitor activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables phospholipase D inhibitor activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables phospholipase binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables phospholipid binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein kinase binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in axonogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in chemical synaptic transmission	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in clathrin coat assembly	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in clathrin coat assembly	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in clathrin coat assembly	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in clathrin-dependent endocytosis	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in clathrin-dependent endocytosis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in establishment or maintenance of cell polarity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in neuron development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in neurotransmitter secretion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of axonogenesis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of axonogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of clathrin coat assembly	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of synaptic vesicle clustering	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of synaptic vesicle clustering	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of synaptic vesicle endocytosis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of synaptic vesicle endocytosis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in protein transport	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of clathrin-dependent endocytosis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of endocytosis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of protein transport	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of synaptic vesicle endocytosis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of terminal button organization	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in regulation of terminal button organization	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in synaptic vesicle endocytosis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in synaptic vesicle endocytosis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in synaptic vesicle endocytosis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in vesicle budding from membrane	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
is_active_in Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapse	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in axon terminus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in clathrin-coated pit	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in clathrin-coated pit	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
is_active_in clathrin-coated vesicle	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in clathrin-coated vesicle	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in clathrin-coated vesicle	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in cytosol	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in extrinsic component of presynaptic endocytic zone membrane	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
is_active_in extrinsic component of presynaptic endocytic zone membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in extrinsic component of presynaptic endocytic zone membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in neuronal cell body	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in parallel fiber to Purkinje cell synapse	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in plasma membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in plasma membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in postsynaptic density	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in postsynaptic membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in postsynaptic membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in presynaptic active zone membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in presynaptic membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in synaptic vesicle	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in synaptic vesicle	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in terminal bouton	HDA more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: clathrin coat assembly protein AP180

Names: 91 kDa synaptosomal-associated protein; assembly protein 180 (AP180); clathrin assembly protein 3; clathrin coat-associated protein AP180; synaptosomal-associated protein 91; synaptosomal-associated protein, 91 kDa; synaptosomal-associated protein, 91kDa homolog

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_031728.2 → NP_113916.2 clathrin coat assembly protein AP180

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

JAXUCZ010000008

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q05140

Related

ENSRNOP00000103892.1, ENSRNOT00000149302.1

Conserved Domains (2) summary

PHA03247
Location:475 → 908

PHA03247; large tegument protein UL36; Provisional

pfam07651
Location:21 → 282

ANTH; ANTH domain