CXCL11 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 11 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: CXCL11provided by HGNC
Official Full Name: C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 11provided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:10638
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000169248 MIM:604852
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: IP9; H174; IP-9; b-R1; I-TAC; SCYB11; SCYB9B
Summary: Chemokines are a group of small (approximately 8 to 14 kD), mostly basic, structurally related molecules that regulate cell trafficking of various types of leukocytes through interactions with a subset of 7-transmembrane, G protein-coupled receptors. Chemokines also play fundamental roles in the development, homeostasis, and function of the immune system, and they have effects on cells of the central nervous system as well as on endothelial cells involved in angiogenesis or angiostasis. Chemokines are divided into 2 major subfamilies, CXC and CC. This antimicrobial gene is a CXC member of the chemokine superfamily. Its encoded protein induces a chemotactic response in activated T-cells and is the dominant ligand for CXC receptor-3. The gene encoding this protein contains 4 exons and at least three polyadenylation signals which might reflect cell-specific regulation of expression. IFN-gamma is a potent inducer of transcription of this gene. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014]
Expression: Broad expression in appendix (RPKM 6.2), lymph node (RPKM 5.0) and 21 other tissues See more
Orthologs: all
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Genomic context

Location:: 4q21.1

Exon count:: 4

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
109.20210514	current	GRCh38.p13 (GCF_000001405.39)	4	NC_000004.12 (76033682..76036070, complement)
105.20201022	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	4	NC_000004.11 (76954835..76957223, complement)

Chromosome 4 - NC_000004.12 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
BioProject: PRJEB4337
Publication: PMID 24309898
Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Cancer-associated fibroblast-derived CXCL11 modulates hepatocellular carcinoma cell migration and tumor metastasis through the circUBAP2/miR-4756/IFIT1/3 axis.
Title: Cancer-associated fibroblast-derived CXCL11 modulates hepatocellular carcinoma cell migration and tumor metastasis through the circUBAP2/miR-4756/IFIT1/3 axis.
The intratumoral CXCR3 chemokine system is predictive of chemotherapy response in human bladder cancer.
Title: The intratumoral CXCR3 chemokine system is predictive of chemotherapy response in human bladder cancer.
The Pro-Inflammatory Chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 Are Upregulated Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection in an AKT-Dependent Manner.
Title: The Pro-Inflammatory Chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 Are Upregulated Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection in an AKT-Dependent Manner.
CXCL11 promotes tumor progression by the biased use of the chemokine receptors CXCR3 and CXCR7.
Title: CXCL11 promotes tumor progression by the biased use of the chemokine receptors CXCR3 and CXCR7.
The CXCL11-CXCR3A axis influences the infiltration of CD274 and IDO1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Title: The CXCL11-CXCR3A axis influences the infiltration of CD274 and IDO1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Endothelial cells under therapy-induced senescence secrete CXCL11, which increases aggressiveness of breast cancer cells.
Title: Endothelial cells under therapy-induced senescence secrete CXCL11, which increases aggressiveness of breast cancer cells.
The combination of CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 levels during primary HIV infection predicts HIV disease progression.
Title: The combination of CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 levels during primary HIV infection predicts HIV disease progression.
serum CXCL11 and CXCL12 levels were elevated in cirrhotic patients
Title: Circulating levels of CXCL11 and CXCL12 are biomarkers of cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection.
Study confirmed that CXCL11 expression was significantly upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) alpha2delta1+ tumor-initiating cells (TICs) and that it played a crucial role in the acquirement and subsequent maintenance of self-renewal and tumorigenic abilities of HCC alpha2delta1+ TICs through the CXCR3/ERK1/2 signaling axis via autocrine signaling.
Title: CXCL11 promotes self-renewal and tumorigenicity of α2δ1<sup>+</sup> liver tumor-initiating cells through CXCR3/ERK1/2 signaling.
These findings identify a feed-forward mechanism that sustains activation of the CXCR7/CXCL11 axis under ERalpha control to induce the epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathway and metastatic behavior of ovarian cancer cells.
Title: Feedback control of the CXCR7/CXCL11 chemokine axis by estrogen receptor α in ovarian cancer.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (98)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

HIV-1 interactions

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Protein interactions

Protein	Gene	Interaction	Pubs
Vpr	vpr	HIV-1 Vpr upregulates the expression of CXCL11 in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells	PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Homology

Homologs of the CXCL11 gene: The CXCL11 gene is conserved in chimpanzee, Rhesus monkey, dog, cow, and rat.
Orthologs from Annotation Pipeline: 164 organisms have orthologs with human gene CXCL11
Orthologs

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables CXCR chemokine receptor binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
enables CXCR3 chemokine receptor binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables chemokine activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
enables chemokine activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables heparin binding	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in T cell chemotaxis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
involved_in cell-cell signaling	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to lipopolysaccharide	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
involved_in chemokine-mediated signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
involved_in chemokine-mediated signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in chemotaxis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in inflammatory response	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
involved_in neutrophil chemotaxis	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of cell population proliferation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in signal transduction	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in extracellular region	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
is_active_in extracellular space	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: C-X-C motif chemokine 11

Names: beta-R1; chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 11; interferon gamma-inducible protein 9; interferon-inducible T-cell alpha chemoattractant; small inducible cytokine B11; small inducible cytokine subfamily B (Cys-X-Cys), member 11; small inducible cytokine subfamily B (Cys-X-Cys), member 9B

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001302123.2 → NP_001289052.1 C-X-C motif chemokine 11 isoform 2 precursor

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses an alternate splice junction in the 3' coding region compared to variant 1, that causes a frameshift. The resulting isoform (2) has a longer and distinct C-terminus compared to isoform 1.

Source sequence(s)

AL703031, BP289021, U66096

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

O14625

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd00273
Location:28 → 87

Chemokine_CXC; 1 of 4 subgroup designations based on the arrangement of the two N-terminal cysteine residues; includes a number of secreted growth factors and interferons involved in mitogenic, chemotactic, and inflammatory activity; many members contain an RCxC motif ...
NM_005409.5 → NP_005400.1 C-X-C motif chemokine 11 isoform 1 precursor

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_005400.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer transcript and encodes isoform 1.

Source sequence(s)

BP289021, U66096

Consensus CDS

CCDS3574.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

O14625

Related

ENSP00000306884.3, ENST00000306621.8

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd00273
Location:28 → 90

Chemokine_CXC; 1 of 4 subgroup designations based on the arrangement of the two N-terminal cysteine residues; includes a number of secreted growth factors and interferons involved in mitogenic, chemotactic, and inflammatory activity; many members contain an RCxC motif ...