CXCL11 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 11 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: CXCL11provided by HGNC
Official Full Name: C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 11provided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:10638
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000169248 MIM:604852
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: IP9; H174; IP-9; b-R1; I-TAC; SCYB11; SCYB9B
Summary: Chemokines are a group of small (approximately 8 to 14 kD), mostly basic, structurally related molecules that regulate cell trafficking of various types of leukocytes through interactions with a subset of 7-transmembrane, G protein-coupled receptors. Chemokines also play fundamental roles in the development, homeostasis, and function of the immune system, and they have effects on cells of the central nervous system as well as on endothelial cells involved in angiogenesis or angiostasis. Chemokines are divided into 2 major subfamilies, CXC and CC. This antimicrobial gene is a CXC member of the chemokine superfamily. Its encoded protein induces a chemotactic response in activated T-cells and is the dominant ligand for CXC receptor-3. The gene encoding this protein contains 4 exons and at least three polyadenylation signals which might reflect cell-specific regulation of expression. IFN-gamma is a potent inducer of transcription of this gene. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014]
Expression: Broad expression in appendix (RPKM 6.2), lymph node (RPKM 5.0) and 21 other tissues See more
Orthologs: all

Genomic context

Location:: 4q21.1

Exon count:: 4

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
109.20200522	current	GRCh38.p13 (GCF_000001405.39)	4	NC_000004.12 (76033682..76036070, complement)
105	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	4	NC_000004.11 (76954835..76957350, complement)

Chromosome 4 - NC_000004.12 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
BioProject: PRJEB4337
Publication: PMID 24309898
Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

serum CXCL11 and CXCL12 levels were elevated in cirrhotic patients
Title: Circulating levels of CXCL11 and CXCL12 are biomarkers of cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection.
Study confirmed that CXCL11 expression was significantly upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) alpha2delta1+ tumor-initiating cells (TICs) and that it played a crucial role in the acquirement and subsequent maintenance of self-renewal and tumorigenic abilities of HCC alpha2delta1+ TICs through the CXCR3/ERK1/2 signaling axis via autocrine signaling.
Title: CXCL11 promotes self-renewal and tumorigenicity of α2δ1<sup>+</sup> liver tumor-initiating cells through CXCR3/ERK1/2 signaling.
These findings identify a feed-forward mechanism that sustains activation of the CXCR7/CXCL11 axis under ERalpha control to induce the epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathway and metastatic behavior of ovarian cancer cells.
Title: Feedback control of the CXCR7/CXCL11 chemokine axis by estrogen receptor α in ovarian cancer.
Studied role of chemokines (including C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 11 [CXCL11] and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 [CXCL10] in the CXCR3 axis with regards to angiogenesis in adipose tissue of morbidly obese patients.
Title: Upregulation of angiostatic chemokines IP-10/CXCL10 and I-TAC/CXCL11 in human obesity and their implication for adipose tissue angiogenesis.
Finding demonstrated that miR-206 negatively regulated PCa cell proliferation and migration, and arrested cell cycle by targeting CXCL11 as a tumor suppressor in prostate cancer.
Title: MiR-206 inhibits proliferation and migration of prostate cancer cells by targeting CXCL11.
V2O5 induction of CXCL8 and CXCL11 chemokines may lead to the appearance and perpetuation of an inflammatory reaction into the dermal tissue. Further studies are required to evaluate dermal integrity and manifestations in subjects occupationally exposed, or living in polluted areas.
Title: CXCL8 and CXCL11 chemokine secretion in dermal fibroblasts is differentially modulated by vanadium pentoxide.
BK polyomavirus infection can induce CXCL11 gene expression in kidney transplant patients.
Title: Association of BK Virus Infection with CXCL11 Gene Expression and Protein Levels in Kidney Transplant Patients.
CXCL11 production in cerebrospinal fluid was found in herpes simplex meningitis, but not in herpes simplex encephalitis.
Title: CXCL11 production in cerebrospinal fluid distinguishes herpes simplex meningitis from herpes simplex encephalitis.
Neuroendocrine-like cells promote the chemotaxis activity of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) via CXCL10 and CXCL11.
Title: Neuroendocrine-like cells -derived CXCL10 and CXCL11 induce the infiltration of tumor-associated macrophage leading to the poor prognosis of colorectal cancer.
High CXCL11 expression is associated with clear-cell renal cell carcinoma.
Title: Elevated expression of IFN-inducible CXCR3 ligands predicts poor prognosis in patients with non-metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (91)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

HIV-1 interactions

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Protein interactions

Protein	Gene	Interaction	Pubs
Vpr	vpr	HIV-1 Vpr upregulates the expression of CXCL11 in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells	PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Homology

Homologs of the CXCL11 gene: The CXCL11 gene is conserved in chimpanzee, Rhesus monkey, dog, cow, and rat.
Orthologs from Annotation Pipeline: 140 organisms have orthologs with human gene CXCL11
Orthologs

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
CXCR chemokine receptor binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
CXCR3 chemokine receptor binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
chemokine activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
chemokine activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
heparin binding	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
T cell chemotaxis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
cell-cell signaling	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
cellular response to lipopolysaccharide	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
chemokine-mediated signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
chemokine-mediated signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
chemotaxis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
immune response	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
inflammatory response	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
leukocyte chemotaxis	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
neutrophil chemotaxis	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
regulation of cell proliferation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
signal transduction	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
extracellular region	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
extracellular space	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: C-X-C motif chemokine 11

Names: beta-R1; chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 11; interferon gamma-inducible protein 9; interferon-inducible T-cell alpha chemoattractant; small inducible cytokine B11; small inducible cytokine subfamily B (Cys-X-Cys), member 11; small inducible cytokine subfamily B (Cys-X-Cys), member 9B

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001302123.2 → NP_001289052.1 C-X-C motif chemokine 11 isoform 2 precursor

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses an alternate splice junction in the 3' coding region compared to variant 1, that causes a frameshift. The resulting isoform (2) has a longer and distinct C-terminus compared to isoform 1.

Source sequence(s)

AL703031, BP289021, U66096

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

O14625

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd00273
Location:28 → 87

Chemokine_CXC; Chemokine_CXC: 1 of 4 subgroup designations based on the arrangement of the two N-terminal cysteine residues; includes a number of secreted growth factors and interferons involved in mitogenic, chemotactic, and inflammatory activity; many members ...
NM_005409.5 → NP_005400.1 C-X-C motif chemokine 11 isoform 1 precursor

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_005400.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer transcript and encodes isoform 1.

Source sequence(s)

BP289021, U66096

Consensus CDS

CCDS3574.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

O14625

Related

ENSP00000306884.3, ENST00000306621.8

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd00273
Location:28 → 90

Chemokine_CXC; Chemokine_CXC: 1 of 4 subgroup designations based on the arrangement of the two N-terminal cysteine residues; includes a number of secreted growth factors and interferons involved in mitogenic, chemotactic, and inflammatory activity; many members ...