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RPS16 ribosomal protein S16 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 6217, updated on 9-Aug-2026
Official Symbol
RPS16provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
ribosomal protein S16provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:10396
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000105193 MIM:603675; AllianceGenome:HGNC:10396
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
S16; uS9
Summary
Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 40S subunit. The protein belongs to the S9P family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Expression
Ubiquitous expression in ovary (RPKM 933.9), lymph node (RPKM 484.0) and 25 other tissues See more
Orthologs
all
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See RPS16 in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
19q13.2
Exon count:
5
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2025_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 19 NC_000019.10 (39433137..39435949, complement)
RS_2025_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 19 NC_060943.1 (42237400..42240212, complement)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 19 NC_000019.9 (39923777..39926589, complement)

Chromosome 19 - NC_000019.10Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 14619 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 14618 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 10601 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 10602 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 10603 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 10604 Neighboring gene tRNA-Ile (anticodon TAT) 1-1 Neighboring gene pleckstrin homology and RhoGEF domain containing G2 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 7883 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 14620 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:39925783-39926362 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 10605 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:39928026-39928794 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:39935465-39936262 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:39936263-39937059 Neighboring gene SPT5 homolog, DSIF elongation factor subunit Neighboring gene small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 175 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 10606 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:39971166-39971760 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 14623 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124904718 Neighboring gene translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 50

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

  • Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
  • Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
  • BioProject: PRJNA270632
  • Publication: PMID 26076956
  • Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

Related articles in PubMed

  1. [Binding of human ribosomal protein S16 with the 18S rRNA fragment 1203-1236/1521-1698]. Ian'shina DD, et al. Mol Biol (Mosk), 2007 Nov-Dec. PMID 18318121
  2. Expression profile of differentially-regulated genes during progression of androgen-independent growth in human prostate cancer cells. Karan D, et al. Carcinogenesis, 2002 Jun. PMID 12082018
  3. [Human ribosomal protein S16 inhibites excision of the first intron from its own]. Ivanov AV, et al. Mol Biol (Mosk), 2010 Jan-Feb. PMID 20198863
  4. Low-level HIV viremia is associated with microbial translocation and inflammation. Reus S, et al. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 2013 Feb 1. PMID 23018379
  5. Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the human ribosomal protein S16. Batra SK, et al. J Biol Chem, 1991 Apr 15. PMID 2016298

See all (309) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. MicroRNA let-7 Suppresses Influenza A Virus Infection by Targeting RPS16 and Enhancing Type I Interferon Response.
    Title: MicroRNA let-7 Suppresses Influenza A Virus Infection by Targeting RPS16 and Enhancing Type I Interferon Response.
  2. USP1-dependent RPS16 protein stability drives growth and metastasis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
    Title: USP1-dependent RPS16 protein stability drives growth and metastasis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
  3. These data confirmed RPS16 and TNFSF10 as two direct targets of miR-7641, while gene expression study showed that a group of genes are also deregulated by miR-7641, including many ribosomal proteins that are frequently co-expressed with RPS16 in breast cancer.
    Title: MicroRNA-7641 is a regulator of ribosomal proteins and a promising targeting factor to improve the efficacy of cancer therapy.
  4. Report dysregulated expression of RPS16 in disc degeneration.
    Title: Dysregulated COL3A1 and RPL8, RPS16, and RPS23 in Disc Degeneration Revealed by Bioinformatics Methods.
  5. Results obtained support the possibility of the autoregulation of rpS13 pre-mRNA splicing through feedback mechanism.
    Title: [Human ribosomal protein S16 inhibites excision of the first intron from its own].
  6. Observational study of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator)
    Title: Diamond-Blackfan anemia: genotype-phenotype correlations in Italian patients with RPL5 and RPL11 mutations.
  7. Data demonstrated that while ribosomal proteins S16 and S5 is able to bind to the 18S rRNA independently, their simultaneous binding has a noticeable synergetic effect.
    Title: Interactions of human ribosomal proteins S16 and S5 with an 18S rRNA fragment containing their binding sites.
  8. RpS16 was shown to specifically bind to the transcript forming a stable complex with the apparent dissociation constant of (1.3 +/- 0.1) x 10(-8) M at 20 degrees C.
    Title: [Binding of human ribosomal protein S16 with the 18S rRNA fragment 1203-1236/1521-1698].
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

Protein interactions

Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
Pr55(Gag) gag HIV-1 Gag interacts with RPL27AP6 as demonstrated by proximity dependent biotinylation proteomics PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

Markers

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables RNA binding HDA PubMed 
enables RNA binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables RNA binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables structural constituent of ribosome HDA PubMed 
enables structural constituent of ribosome IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables structural constituent of ribosome IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables structural constituent of ribosome IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables structural constituent of ribosome IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in cytoplasmic translation IC
Inferred by Curator
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in cytoplasmic translation NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in maturation of SSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA) IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in rRNA processing IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in ribosomal small subunit biogenesis IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in ribosomal small subunit biogenesis IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in translation IC
Inferred by Curator
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in translation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in translation NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in cytoplasm EXP
Inferred from Experiment
more info
 PubMed 
located_in cytoplasm IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in cytoplasm NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
located_in cytosol IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
  
located_in cytosol TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
part_of cytosolic ribosome IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in cytosolic ribosome IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
part_of cytosolic small ribosomal subunit HDA PubMed 
part_of cytosolic small ribosomal subunit IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
part_of cytosolic small ribosomal subunit IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
part_of cytosolic small ribosomal subunit IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
part_of cytosolic small ribosomal subunit NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
located_in endoplasmic reticulum IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
  
located_in extracellular exosome HDA PubMed 
located_in focal adhesion HDA PubMed 
located_in membrane HDA PubMed 
located_in nucleolus IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in nucleoplasm TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
located_in ribosome IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
part_of small ribosomal subunit HDA PubMed 
part_of small-subunit processome IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
is_active_in synapse IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Preferred Names
small ribosomal subunit protein uS9
Names
40S ribosomal protein S16

NEW Try the new Transcript table

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001020.6 → NP_001011.1  small ribosomal subunit protein uS9 isoform 1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001011.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AA890305, AC011500, AK315498
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS12535.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B2RDD5, P17008, P62249
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0ACI8SKZ0
    Related
    ENSP00000251453.2, ENST00000251453.8
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    PLN00210
    Location:6 → 146
    PLN00210; 40S ribosomal protein S16; Provisional

  2. NM_001321111.2 → NP_001308040.1  small ribosomal subunit protein uS9 isoform 2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AA890305, AC011500, BC095429
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS82349.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0ACI8SL27, M0R210
    Related
    ENSP00000472231.1, ENST00000601655.6
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    PLN00210
    Location:6 → 129
    PLN00210; 40S ribosomal protein S16; Provisional

  3. NM_001363860.2 → NP_001350789.1  small ribosomal subunit protein uS9 isoform 3

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    BG340248, CB151553, CD249175
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS86768.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    F6SHK2, Q6IPX4
    Related
    ENSP00000367806.2, ENST00000339471.9
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl00334
    Location:6 → 86
    Ribosomal_S9; Ribosomal protein S9/S16

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2025_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000019.10 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    39433137..39435949 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060943.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    42237400..42240212 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
P62249.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P62249

Gene LinkOut

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