U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

RELA RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 5970, updated on 8-Oct-2024

Summary

Official Symbol
RELAprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name
RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunitprovided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:9955
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000173039 MIM:164014; AllianceGenome:HGNC:9955
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
p65; CMCU; NFKB3; AIF3BL3
Summary
NF-kappa-B is a ubiquitous transcription factor involved in several biological processes. It is held in the cytoplasm in an inactive state by specific inhibitors. Upon degradation of the inhibitor, NF-kappa-B moves to the nucleus and activates transcription of specific genes. NF-kappa-B is composed of NFKB1 or NFKB2 bound to either REL, RELA, or RELB. The most abundant form of NF-kappa-B is NFKB1 complexed with the product of this gene, RELA. Four transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011]
Expression
Ubiquitous expression in bone marrow (RPKM 28.6), spleen (RPKM 25.4) and 25 other tissues See more
Orthologs
NEW
Try the new Gene table
Try the new Transcript table

Genomic context

See RELA in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
11q13.1
Exon count:
13
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 11 NC_000011.10 (65653601..65663857, complement)
RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 11 NC_060935.1 (65647771..65658027, complement)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 11 NC_000011.9 (65421072..65431328, complement)

Chromosome 11 - NC_000011.10Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene pecanex 3 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr11:65404393-65405183 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 3547 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 4997 Neighboring gene microRNA 4690 Neighboring gene signal-induced proliferation-associated 1 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 3548 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 4998 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 4999 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr11:65421552-65422052 Neighboring gene microRNA 4489 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 3549 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 3550 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 5000 Neighboring gene RELA divergent transcript Neighboring gene RNA, 7SL, cytoplasmic 309, pseudogene Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 5001 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 5002 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 3551 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 3552 Neighboring gene ribonuclease H2 subunit C Neighboring gene lysine acetyltransferase 5

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

Expression

  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Phenotypes

Associated conditions

Description Tests
Mucocutaneous ulceration, chronic
MedGen: C4748997 OMIM: 618287 GeneReviews: Not available
Compare labs

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Host-microbe interactions have shaped the genetic architecture of inflammatory bowel disease.
EBI GWAS Catalog

HIV-1 interactions

Replication interactions

Interaction Pubs
Knockdown of v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (RELA) by siRNA inhibits HIV-1 replication in HeLa-derived TZM-bl cells PubMed
Knockdown of v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (RELA) by siRNA inhibits the early stages of HIV-1 replication in 293T cells infected with VSV-G pseudotyped HIV-1 PubMed
Knockdown of v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (RELA) by siRNA inhibits HIV-1 replication in HeLa P4/R5 cells PubMed

Protein interactions

Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120 env HIV-1 Env (gp120) binds to CD209 (DC-SIGN), which activates NFKB1 (NF-kB), MAPK1 (ERK1/2), and MAPK14 (p38) PubMed
env HIV-1 CN54 Env (gp120) induces phosphorylation of RELA (p65), IRF3, MAPK14 (p38), and MAPK1 (ERK1/2) through TLR4 induction in monocyte derived macrophages; anti-TLR4 antibodies could inhibit this activation PubMed
env HIV-1 gp120-induced release of IL-6 is regulated by p38 MAPK, IkappaBalpha, and p65 NF-kappaB activation in primary human monocyte-derived dendritic cells PubMed
env HIV-1 gp120-induced release of IL-10 depends on the activation of Raf-1 along with NF-kappaB p65 in immature dentritic cells PubMed
env HIV-1 gp120 co-localizes with the p65 subunit of NF-kappaB in human female genital epithelial cells PubMed
env Inhibition of NRF2 by siRNA results in increased NOX2, NFkappaB (p65/p50), TNF-alpha, and MMP-9 proteins in astrocytes exposed to HIV-1 gp120 PubMed
Envelope transmembrane glycoprotein gp41 env Exposure of TZM-bl-2 cells to HIV gp41 increases RELA (NFkappaB subunit p65) nucelar translocation PubMed
env The binding of soluble TLR2 to HIV-1 MA, CA, or gp41 inhibits the nuclear translocation of NFKB p65 subunit and downregulates IL-8 and CCR5 expression, leading to inhibition of HIV-1 infection in cells PubMed
env The HIV-1 gp41 cytoplasmic domain-induced NFkappaB activation requires TAK1, RelA, and NEMO proteins PubMed
Nef nef HIV-1 Nef induces RELA (NFKB p65) translocation/nuclear localization PubMed
nef HIV-1 and SIVcpz Nef proteins enhance TNF-alpha, IKK-beta, and RelA/p65-induced NF-kappaB activation in 293T cells PubMed
nef Knockdown of the p50 and p65 subunits of NF-kappaB by siRNA shows significant reduction of CCL5 levels, suggesting that NF-kappaB is involved in Nef-mediated upregulation of CCL5 PubMed
Tat tat HIV-1 Tat increases binding of RELA (p65) to the NF-kappaB consensus site PubMed
tat HIV-1 Tat protein activates RELA (p65), MAP kinases ERK1/2 and p38, and PKC-bII in a TLR4-dependent manner in human monocytes PubMed
tat HIV-1 Tat relocalizes PRKCQ (PKC-theta) and RELA (NFkB) to the nucleus of Jurkat T cells that stably express Tat PubMed
tat HIV-1 Tat activates PRKCQ (PKC-theta) kinase activity, which leads to RELA (NFkB), NRAS, RAF1, MAP2K1 (MEK1), MAP2K2 (MEK2), MAPK3 (ERK1), and MAPK1 (ERK2) activation, in Jurkat T cells that stably express Tat PubMed
tat HIV-1 Tat induces phosphorylation of RELA (p65) in CRT-MG human astroglioma cells PubMed
tat HIV-1 Tat increases nuclear localization of RELA (p65) in Huvec and EA.hy926 cells PubMed
tat HIV-1 Tat induces phosphorylation of RELA (p65) in HUVEC and EA.hy926 cells PubMed
tat HIV-1 Tat activates RELA (NF-kappaB) in a TLR4 dependent manner PubMed
tat HIV-1 Tat treatment induces phosphorylation of NFKB p65 (RELA) at position Ser-536 in human mesenchymal stem cells PubMed
tat The gene expression of RELA is significantly upregulated in both clade B and clade C Tat treated SK-N-MC neuroblastoma cells PubMed
tat HIV-1 Tat enhances the NFkappaB activity by inhibiting IkappaB-alpha binding to p65 RelA PubMed
tat Curcumin and celastrol attenuate HIV-1 Tat-induced p65/NFKappaB phosphorylation and IKK phosphorylation PubMed
tat HIV-1 Tat-mediated transcriptional activation of the HIV-1 LTR promoter requires NFkappaB binding sites in the promoter and involves the activation of NFkappaB by Tat PubMed
tat HIV-1 Tat-mediated upregulation of CCL5 involves JAK2/3, AKT2/3, p38delta, NF-kappaB (p65/p50), C/EBP alpha/gamma, and AP-1 proteins PubMed
tat HIV-1 Tat-induced upregulation of miR-222 is a NF-kappaB p65-dependent manner PubMed
tat HIV-1 Tat-mediated upregulation of ICAM-1 expression involves MEK1/2, JNK, and p38 MAPK proteins and downstream IKK2/NF-kappaB(p65) signaling pathways PubMed
tat HIV-1 Tat downregulates the expression of p65 NFkappaB in CD4+ T cells, which may contribute to the reduced levels of nuclear hTERT in Tat exposed cells PubMed
tat HIV-1 Tat upregulates miR-34a in TZM-bl cells, which results in downregulation of SIRT1 protein expression and activity and induction of NFkappaB p65 acetylation by MiR-34a PubMed
tat HIV-1 Tat enhances the NFkappaB activity and promotes the transcriptional activation of MIP-1alpha by interacting with IkappaB-alpha and p65 RelA PubMed
tat HIV-1 Tat induces the acetylation of the NFkappaB p50 subunit as well as the p50/p65 complex by p300, causing an increase in NFkappaB DNA binding activity and in the rate of transcription PubMed
tat Inhibition of HIV-1 Tat-mediated transactivation of the HIV-1 LTR promoter by NFkappaB/Rel inhibitors correlates with their inhibitory activities on the RelA subunit of the NFkappaB complex, indicating an interaction of Tat with RelA PubMed
tat A compound in curry known as Curcumin inhibits HIV-1 Tat-mediated long terminal repeat transactivation by reversing Tat-induced dissociation of HDAC1 from LTR and by reducing the binding of p65/NFKappaB to LTR promoted by Tat PubMed
tat HIV-1 Tat increases the p65 RelA affinity binding to DNA through association with p65 RelA PubMed
tat HIV-1 Tat and morphine treatment significantly increase the levels of phosphorylated p65 NF-kappaB in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells PubMed
tat HIV-1 Tat inhibits the LPS-induced activation of NFkappaB p65 via its induction of IkappaBalpha expression, which results in retention of NFkappaB p65 in the cytosol PubMed
tat HIV-1 Tat has been shown to bind NFkappaB in vitro in gel shift, GST-pull down and affinity matrix assays PubMed
tat HIV-1 Tat recruits P/CAF to the integrated HIV-1 LTR promoter causing the acetylation of histones, which in turn leads to the recruitment the p65 subunit of NFkappaB to the promoter PubMed
tat NFAT-1 negatively regulates HIV-1 Tat-mediated transactivation of the HIV-1 LTR by competing with NFkappaB for its binding to the LTR, thereby blocking the interaction of NFkappaB with Tat PubMed
tat HIV-1 Tat enhances tumor necrosis factor-induced activation of NFkappaB by downregulating manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) PubMed
tat NFkappaB tethers the p160 nuclear receptor co-activator GRIP1 to the HIV-1 LTR promoter, thereby regulating the full activation of this promoter by HIV-1 Tat PubMed
tat HIV-1 Tat activates NFkappaB through the cellular interferon-inducible, double-stranded RNA dependent protein kinase, PKR PubMed
tat p56-lck plays a critical role in the activation of NFkappaB by HIV-1 Tat PubMed
tat Activation of NFkappaB by HIV-1 Tat leads to a reduction in adenylyl cyclase activity and an inhibition of cAMP synthesis PubMed
tat Activation of NFkappaB by HIV-1 Tat is inhibited by Nitric Oxide PubMed
tat HIV-1 Tat activates NFkappaB, causing the induction of CD95 ligand, CD69, iNOS, MCP-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-alpha, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, E-selectin, and MMP-9, as well as monocyte adhesion, cellular activation and angiogenesis PubMed
tat HIV-1 Tat upregulates c-rel and RelA transcription factor binding to the CD28-responsive element in the IL-8 promoter, leading to super-induction of IL-8 PubMed
Vpr vpr HIV-1 Vpr activates RELA (NFkappaB) signaling following internalization into PEL cells PubMed
vpr HIV-1 Vpr-induced upregulation of CCL5 requires p50 and p65 subunits of NF-kappaB, p38delta MAPK, Akt-2 and Akt-3, and AP-1 transcription factor in HIV-1 Vpr transfected astrocytes PubMed
vpr HIV-1 Vpr induces phosphorylation of Rel A (p65) and relocates Rel A from the cytoplasm into the nucleus PubMed
vpr HIV-1 Vpr inhibits the phosphorylation of NFkappaB p65 subunit in response to TNF-alpha treatment PubMed
vpr HIV-1 Vpr decreases in nuclear translocation of NF-KappaB/p65 protein and p65 DNA-binding activity in multidrug-resistant human colorectal cancer cells in a time-dependent manner PubMed
vpr HIV-1 Vpr induces HIF-1alpha expression, which involves the presence of Sp1 and the p65 subunit of NFkappaB transcription factors PubMed
vpr HIV-1 Vpr inhibits the nuclear translocation of Rel A in infected T cells PubMed
vpr Data suggests that HIV-1 Vpr acts in concert with Rel A and p300 to activate HIV transcription, possibly by Vpr effects on Cdc2 kinase activity PubMed
Vpu vpu HIV-1 Vpu inhibits nuclear translocation of RelA/p65 and the SS/AA mutations in the DSGxxS motif of Vpu largely abolish this activity in HeLa cells PubMed
vpu HIV-1 Vpu and TASK-1 decreases HIV-1 transcription by suppressing unintegrated HIV-1 DNA, which is inhibited by overexpression of RelA PubMed
capsid gag The binding of soluble TLR2 to HIV-1 MA, CA, or gp41 inhibits the nuclear translocation of NFKB p65 subunit and downregulates IL-8 and CCR5 expression, leading to inhibition of HIV-1 infection in cells PubMed
matrix gag Exposure of TZM-bl-2 cells to HIV MA (p17) increases RELA (NFkappaB subunit p65) nuclear translocation PubMed
gag The binding of soluble TLR2 to HIV-1 MA, CA, or gp41 inhibits the nuclear translocation of NFKB p65 subunit and downregulates IL-8 and CCR5 expression, leading to inhibition of HIV-1 infection in cells PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Pathways from PubChem

Interactions

Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

Markers

Clone Names

  • MGC131774

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables DNA binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
enables DNA binding IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
enables DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
enables DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific IGI
Inferred from Genetic Interaction
more info
PubMed 
enables DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
enables DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
PubMed 
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific ISA
Inferred from Sequence Alignment
more info
 
enables DNA-binding transcription factor binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
PubMed 
enables DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
enables NF-kappaB binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
PubMed 
enables RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
enables RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
enables RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding IGI
Inferred from Genetic Interaction
more info
PubMed 
enables RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
PubMed 
enables RNA polymerase II core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
enables RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
enables RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
enables actinin binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
PubMed 
enables ankyrin repeat binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
enables chromatin DNA binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
enables chromatin binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
enables enzyme binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
PubMed 
enables general transcription initiation factor binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
PubMed 
enables histone deacetylase binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
PubMed 
enables identical protein binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
enables identical protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
PubMed 
enables peptide binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
PubMed 
enables phosphate ion binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
PubMed 
enables protein homodimerization activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
enables protein kinase binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
PubMed 
enables protein-containing complex binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
enables transcription cis-regulatory region binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
enables transcription coactivator binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
PubMed 
enables ubiquitin protein ligase binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in DNA-templated transcription IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in acetaldehyde metabolic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in animal organ morphogenesis IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in antiviral innate immune response IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
involved_in canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction IGI
Inferred from Genetic Interaction
more info
PubMed 
involved_in canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in cellular defense response NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
PubMed 
involved_in cellular response to angiotensin IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in cellular response to hydrogen peroxide IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in cellular response to interleukin-1 IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in cellular response to interleukin-6 IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in cellular response to lipopolysaccharide IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
involved_in cellular response to lipopolysaccharide IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in cellular response to lipoteichoic acid IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in cellular response to nicotine IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in cellular response to peptidoglycan IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in cellular response to tumor necrosis factor IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in cellular response to tumor necrosis factor IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in chromatin organization IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in cytokine-mediated signaling pathway IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in defense response to tumor cell IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in defense response to virus NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
PubMed 
involved_in hair follicle development IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in inflammatory response IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
involved_in inflammatory response IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in innate immune response IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
involved_in interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway IGI
Inferred from Genetic Interaction
more info
PubMed 
involved_in intracellular signal transduction IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in liver development IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of angiogenesis IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of apoptotic process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in negative regulation of miRNA transcription IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of protein catabolic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in negative regulation of protein sumoylation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in neuropeptide signaling pathway IGI
Inferred from Genetic Interaction
more info
PubMed 
involved_in non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
involved_in non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
acts_upstream_of_or_within nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 signaling pathway IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity IGI
Inferred from Genetic Interaction
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of Schwann cell differentiation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in positive regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
acts_upstream_of positive regulation of amyloid-beta formation ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction IEP
Inferred from Expression Pattern
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of cell population proliferation IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of gene expression IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
acts_upstream_of positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta production IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of interleukin-12 production IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
acts_upstream_of positive regulation of interleukin-6 production IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of interleukin-6 production IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
acts_upstream_of positive regulation of interleukin-8 production IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of interleukin-8 production IGI
Inferred from Genetic Interaction
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of miRNA metabolic process IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of miRNA transcription IGI
Inferred from Genetic Interaction
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of miRNA transcription IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IGI
Inferred from Genetic Interaction
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in postsynapse to nucleus signaling pathway IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in postsynapse to nucleus signaling pathway IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in prolactin signaling pathway IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in protein catabolic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in regulation of DNA-templated transcription IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in regulation of inflammatory response ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in response to UV-B IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in response to amino acid IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in response to cAMP IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in response to cobalamin IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in response to cytokine IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
involved_in response to insulin IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in response to interleukin-1 IGI
Inferred from Genetic Interaction
more info
PubMed 
involved_in response to ischemia IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in response to muramyl dipeptide IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in response to muscle stretch IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in response to progesterone IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in response to xenobiotic stimulus IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in toll-like receptor TLR6:TLR2 signaling pathway IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway IGI
Inferred from Genetic Interaction
more info
PubMed 
involved_in tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
part_of NF-kappaB complex IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
PubMed 
part_of NF-kappaB complex NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
PubMed 
part_of NF-kappaB complex TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
PubMed 
part_of NF-kappaB p50/p65 complex IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
part_of NF-kappaB p50/p65 complex IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
part_of NF-kappaB p50/p65 complex NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
PubMed 
located_in chromatin IC
Inferred by Curator
more info
PubMed 
located_in chromatin IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
located_in chromatin IGI
Inferred from Genetic Interaction
more info
PubMed 
located_in chromatin ISA
Inferred from Sequence Alignment
more info
 
is_active_in cytoplasm IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
located_in cytoplasm IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
located_in cytoplasm IGI
Inferred from Genetic Interaction
more info
PubMed 
located_in cytosol IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
located_in cytosol TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 
is_active_in glutamatergic synapse IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
is_active_in glutamatergic synapse IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
NOT located_in nucleolus IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
located_in nucleoplasm TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 
is_active_in nucleus IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
is_active_in nucleus IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
located_in nucleus IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
located_in nucleus IGI
Inferred from Genetic Interaction
more info
PubMed 
located_in nucleus IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
part_of transcription regulator complex IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
part_of transcription regulator complex TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
PubMed 

General protein information

Preferred Names
transcription factor p65
Names
NF-kappa-B p65delta3
NF-kappa-B transcription factor p65
nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p65 subunit
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 3
v-rel avian reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

NEW Try the new Transcript table

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

  1. NG_029971.1 RefSeqGene

    Range
    5057..14372
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001145138.2NP_001138610.1  transcription factor p65 isoform 2

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001138610.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses an alternate in-frame acceptor splice site at one of the coding exons compared to transcript variant 1. This results in a shorter isoform (2) missing a 3 aa segment compared to isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    BC033522, BU633061, DA020095
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS44651.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q04206
    Related
    ENSP00000311508.9, ENST00000308639.13
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd07885
    Location:19184
    RHD-n_RelA; N-terminal sub-domain of the Rel homology domain (RHD) of RelA
    cd01177
    Location:191287
    IPT_NFkappaB; IPT domain of the transcription factor NFkappaB and related transcription factors. NFkappaB is considered a central regulator of stress responses, activated by different stressful conditions, including physical stress, oxidative stress, and exposure to ...
  2. NM_001243984.2NP_001230913.1  transcription factor p65 isoform 3

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (3) uses an alternate in-frame splice site at the 5' end of the last exon compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (3) lacks an alternate internal segment compared to isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    BC033522, BM916512, BU633061, DA020095
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q04206
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd07885
    Location:19187
    RHD-n_RelA; N-terminal sub-domain of the Rel homology domain (RHD) of RelA
    cd01177
    Location:194290
    IPT_NFkappaB; IPT domain of the transcription factor NFkappaB and related transcription factors. NFkappaB is considered a central regulator of stress responses, activated by different stressful conditions, including physical stress, oxidative stress, and exposure to ...
  3. NM_001243985.2NP_001230914.1  transcription factor p65 isoform 4

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (4) lacks an alternate internal in-frame segment in the last exon compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (4) lacks an alternate internal segment compared to isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AP001362, BC069248, BU633061, DA020095
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS73322.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A087X0W8, E9PKH5
    Related
    ENSP00000483705.1, ENST00000612991.4
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd07885
    Location:19187
    RHD-n_RelA; N-terminal sub-domain of the Rel homology domain (RHD) of RelA
    cd01177
    Location:194290
    IPT_NFkappaB; IPT domain of the transcription factor NFkappaB and related transcription factors. NFkappaB is considered a central regulator of stress responses, activated by different stressful conditions, including physical stress, oxidative stress, and exposure to ...
  4. NM_001404657.1NP_001391586.1  transcription factor p65 isoform 5

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AP001362
    Related
    ENST00000531484.5
  5. NM_001404658.1NP_001391587.1  transcription factor p65 isoform 6

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AP001362
  6. NM_001404659.1NP_001391588.1  transcription factor p65 isoform 7

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AP001362
  7. NM_001404660.1NP_001391589.1  transcription factor p65 isoform 8

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AP001362
  8. NM_001404661.1NP_001391590.1  transcription factor p65 isoform 9

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AP001362
  9. NM_001404662.1NP_001391591.1  transcription factor p65 isoform p65 iso 5

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AP001362, MN508965
  10. NM_001404663.1NP_001391592.1  transcription factor p65 isoform p65 iso 5

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AP001362
  11. NM_021975.4NP_068810.3  transcription factor p65 isoform 1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_068810.3

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the predominant transcript and encodes the longer isoform (1).
    Source sequence(s)
    BC033522, BU633061, DA020095, M62399
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS31609.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q04206, Q6GTV1, Q6SLK1
    Related
    ENSP00000384273.3, ENST00000406246.8
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd07885
    Location:19187
    RHD-n_RelA; N-terminal sub-domain of the Rel homology domain (RHD) of RelA
    cd01177
    Location:194290
    IPT_NFkappaB; IPT domain of the transcription factor NFkappaB and related transcription factors. NFkappaB is considered a central regulator of stress responses, activated by different stressful conditions, including physical stress, oxidative stress, and exposure to ...

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000011.10 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    65653601..65663857 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_047427392.1XP_047283348.1  transcription factor p65 isoform X1

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060935.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    65647771..65658027 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_054369602.1XP_054225577.1  transcription factor p65 isoform X1