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GNB4 G protein subunit beta 4 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 59345, updated on 19-Aug-2025
Official Symbol
GNB4provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
G protein subunit beta 4provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:20731
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000114450 MIM:610863; AllianceGenome:HGNC:20731
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
HG2B; CMTD1F
Summary
Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins), which integrate signals between receptors and effector proteins, are composed of an alpha, a beta, and a gamma subunit. These subunits are encoded by families of related genes. This gene encodes a beta subunit. Beta subunits are important regulators of alpha subunits, as well as of certain signal transduction receptors and effectors. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Expression
Ubiquitous expression in skin (RPKM 14.7), appendix (RPKM 12.1) and 24 other tissues See more
Orthologs
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See GNB4 in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
3q26.33
Exon count:
14
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2025_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 3 NC_000003.12 (179396088..179527798, complement)
RS_2025_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 3 NC_060927.1 (182199923..182331637, complement)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 3 NC_000003.11 (179113876..179169258, complement)

Chromosome 3 - NC_000003.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 14915 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 14916 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 20864 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 20865 Neighboring gene zinc finger protein 639 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:179065206-179065735 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 14917 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 20866 Neighboring gene mitofusin 1 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 20867 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr3:179160994-179161145 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 14918 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 14919 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr3:179178405-179178606 Neighboring gene translation machinery-associated protein 7-like Neighboring gene ribosomal protein L29 pseudogene 34 Neighboring gene methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+ dependent) 2, methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase pseudogene 7 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:179244611-179245161 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 7561 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 14920 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 14921 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124909462 Neighboring gene actin like 6A Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:179321716-179322582 Neighboring gene mitochondrial ribosomal protein L47

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

  • Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
  • Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
  • BioProject: PRJNA270632
  • Publication: PMID 26076956
  • Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

Related articles in PubMed

  1. Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 promotes gastric cancer progression via activating Erk1/2. Gao J, et al. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai), 2020 Sep 8. PMID 32747927
  2. Selectively enhanced cellular signaling by Gi proteins in essential hypertension. G alpha i2, G alpha i3, G beta 1, and G beta 2 are not mutated. Pietruck F, et al. Circ Res, 1996 Nov. PMID 8888689
  3. High G protein subunit beta 4 protein level is correlated to poor prognosis of urothelial carcinoma. Chen TJ, et al. Med Mol Morphol, 2021 Dec. PMID 34398348
  4. Characterization of intron-1 haplotypes of the G protein beta 4 subunit gene--association with survival and progression in patients with urothelial bladder carcinoma. Riemann K, et al. Pharmacogenet Genomics, 2008 Nov. PMID 18815590
  5. Association of GNB4 intron-1 haplotypes with survival in patients with UICC stage III and IV colorectal carcinoma. Riemann K, et al. Anticancer Res, 2009 Apr. PMID 19414374

See all (97) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Plasma methylated GNB4 and Riplet as a novel dual-marker panel for the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma.
    Title: Plasma methylated GNB4 and Riplet as a novel dual-marker panel for the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma.
  2. Helicobacter pylori-induced aberrant demethylation and expression of GNB4 promotes gastric carcinogenesis via the Hippo-YAP1 pathway.
    Title: Helicobacter pylori-induced aberrant demethylation and expression of GNB4 promotes gastric carcinogenesis via the Hippo-YAP1 pathway.
  3. Prognostic and Immunological Value of GNB4 in Gastric Cancer by Analyzing TCGA Database.
    Title: Prognostic and Immunological Value of GNB4 in Gastric Cancer by Analyzing TCGA Database.
  4. High G protein subunit beta 4 protein level is correlated to poor prognosis of urothelial carcinoma.
    Title: High G protein subunit beta 4 protein level is correlated to poor prognosis of urothelial carcinoma.
  5. Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 promotes gastric cancer progression via activating Erk1/2.
    Title: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 promotes gastric cancer progression via activating Erk1/2.
  6. GNB4 is important for growth of breast cancer cells and a potential target for treatment
    Title: A suppressive role of guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 inhibited by DNA methylation in the growth of anti-estrogen resistant breast cancer cells.
  7. A novel missense GNB4 variant causes Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease F in two patients, who represent the first record of the disease in the Japanese population.
    Title: A novel missense variant (Gln220Arg) of GNB4 encoding guanine nucleotide-binding protein, subunit beta-4 in a Japanese family with autosomal dominant motor and sensory neuropathy.
  8. Suggest Gbeta4gamma1 as a modulator of M3 muscarinic receptor signaling.
    Title: Gβ4γ1 as a modulator of M3 muscarinic receptor signalling and novel roles of Gβ1 subunits in the modulation of cellular signalling.
  9. Analysis of GNB4 in an additional 88 unrelated CMT individuals uncovered another de novo mutation.
    Title: Exome sequencing identifies GNB4 mutations as a cause of dominant intermediate Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.
  10. Intron-1 haplotypes of GNB4 is associated with colorectal carcinoma.
    Title: Association of GNB4 intron-1 haplotypes with survival in patients with UICC stage III and IV colorectal carcinoma.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (14)

Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Identification of heart rate-associated loci and their effects on cardiac conduction and rhythm disorders.
EBI GWAS Catalog

See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

Markers

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein-containing complex binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables signaling receptor complex adaptor activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in signal transduction IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in substantia nigra development HEP PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
is_active_in cytoplasm IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in cytosol TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
located_in extracellular exosome HDA PubMed 
part_of heterotrimeric G-protein complex IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
part_of heterotrimeric G-protein complex IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in lysosomal membrane HDA PubMed 
is_active_in synapse IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Preferred Names
guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4
Names
G protein beta-4 subunit
guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta polypeptide 4
heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein 2B
transducin beta chain 4

NEW Try the new Transcript table

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

  1. NG_033163.1 RefSeqGene

    Range
    5114..60496
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_021629.4 → NP_067642.1  guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_067642.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC007620
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS3230.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B3KMH5, D3DNR8, Q9HAV0
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A8K3F6
    Related
    ENSP00000232564.3, ENST00000232564.8
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd00200
    Location:48 → 340
    WD40; WD40 domain, found in a number of eukaryotic proteins that cover a wide variety of functions including adaptor/regulatory modules in signal transduction, pre-mRNA processing and cytoskeleton assembly; typically contains a GH dipeptide 11-24 residues from ...
    sd00039
    Location:58 → 95
    7WD40; WD40 repeat [structural motif]

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2025_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000003.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    179396088..179527798 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_047448654.1 → XP_047304610.1  guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 isoform X1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B3KMH5, D3DNR8, Q9HAV0
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A8K3F6

  2. XM_047448653.1 → XP_047304609.1  guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 isoform X1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B3KMH5, D3DNR8, Q9HAV0
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A8K3F6

  3. XM_006713721.3 → XP_006713784.1  guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 isoform X1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006713784.1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B3KMH5, D3DNR8, Q9HAV0
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A8K3F6
    Related
    ENSP00000501882.1, ENST00000676128.1
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd00200
    Location:48 → 340
    WD40; WD40 domain, found in a number of eukaryotic proteins that cover a wide variety of functions including adaptor/regulatory modules in signal transduction, pre-mRNA processing and cytoskeleton assembly; typically contains a GH dipeptide 11-24 residues from ...
    sd00039
    Location:58 → 95
    7WD40; WD40 repeat [structural motif]

  4. XM_005247692.3 → XP_005247749.1  guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 isoform X1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_005247749.1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B3KMH5, D3DNR8, Q9HAV0
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A8K3F6
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd00200
    Location:48 → 340
    WD40; WD40 domain, found in a number of eukaryotic proteins that cover a wide variety of functions including adaptor/regulatory modules in signal transduction, pre-mRNA processing and cytoskeleton assembly; typically contains a GH dipeptide 11-24 residues from ...
    sd00039
    Location:58 → 95
    7WD40; WD40 repeat [structural motif]

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060927.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    182199923..182331637 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_054347425.1 → XP_054203400.1  guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 isoform X1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B3KMH5, D3DNR8, Q9HAV0
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A8K3F6

  2. XM_054347424.1 → XP_054203399.1  guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 isoform X1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B3KMH5, D3DNR8, Q9HAV0
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A8K3F6

  3. XM_054347427.1 → XP_054203402.1  guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 isoform X1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B3KMH5, D3DNR8, Q9HAV0
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A8K3F6

  4. XM_054347426.1 → XP_054203401.1  guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 isoform X1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B3KMH5, D3DNR8, Q9HAV0
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A8K3F6
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q9HAV0.3 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q9HAV0

Gene LinkOut

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