U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

MRAP melanocortin 2 receptor accessory protein [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 56246, updated on 3-May-2025
Official Symbol
MRAPprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name
melanocortin 2 receptor accessory proteinprovided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:1304
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000170262 MIM:609196; AllianceGenome:HGNC:1304
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
B27; FALP; FGD2; GCCD2; MRAP1; C21orf61
Summary
This gene encodes a melanocortin receptor-interacting protein. The encoded protein regulates trafficking and function of the melanocortin 2 receptor in the adrenal gland. The encoded protein can also modulate signaling of other melanocortin receptors. Mutations in this gene have been associated with familial glucocorticoid deficiency type 2. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009]
Expression
Broad expression in fat (RPKM 19.3), adrenal (RPKM 18.8) and 20 other tissues See more
Orthologs
mouse all
NEW
Try the new Gene table
Try the new Transcript table
See MRAP in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
21q22.11
Exon count:
6
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 21 NC_000021.9 (32291813..32314784)
RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 21 NC_060945.1 (30661493..30684541)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 21 NC_000021.8 (33664124..33687095)

Chromosome 21 - NC_000021.9Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene MIS18 kinetochore protein A Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr21:33650609-33651110 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr21:33651111-33651610 Neighboring gene MIS18A antisense RNA 1 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124905009 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 333 Neighboring gene MRAP antisense RNA 1 Neighboring gene NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr21:33702964-33703556 Neighboring gene CDK7 strongly-dependent group 2 enhancer GRCh37_chr21:33706649-33707848 Neighboring gene URB1 ribosome biogenesis homolog Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 18361 Neighboring gene CDK7 strongly-dependent group 2 enhancer GRCh37_chr21:33754437-33755636 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancers GRCh37_chr21:33764587-33765369 and GRCh37_chr21:33765370-33766151 Neighboring gene small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 80A Neighboring gene URB1 antisense RNA 1 (head to head)

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

  • Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
  • Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
  • BioProject: PRJNA270632
  • Publication: PMID 26076956
  • Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

Related articles in PubMed

  1. Determination of alpha-2-MRAP gene polymorphisms in nephrolithiasis patients. Mehde AA, et al. Int J Biol Macromol, 2017 Dec. PMID 28760704
  2. Missense mutations in the melanocortin 2 receptor accessory protein that lead to late onset familial glucocorticoid deficiency type 2. Hughes CR, et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2010 Jul. PMID 20427498
  3. H295R expression of melanocortin 2 receptor accessory protein results in ACTH responsiveness. Nanba K, et al. J Mol Endocrinol, 2016 Feb. PMID 26576642
  4. Clinical and biological phenotype of a patient with familial glucocorticoid deficiency type 2 caused by a mutation of melanocortin 2 receptor accessory protein. Rumié H, et al. Eur J Endocrinol, 2007 Oct. PMID 17893271
  5. Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) Responses Require Actions of the Melanocortin-2 Receptor Accessory Protein on the Extracellular Surface of the Plasma Membrane. Malik S, et al. J Biol Chem, 2015 Nov 13. PMID 26424796, Free PMC Article

See all (34) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. allele of the 5 insertion/deletion polymorphism in the Alpha-2-MRAP gene is related with an increase of oxidative stress in nephrolithiasis patients
    Title: Determination of alpha-2-MRAP gene polymorphisms in nephrolithiasis patients.
  2. Data (including data from studies in transgenic mice) suggest that MRAP plays critical role in (1) regulation of lipolysis in adipose tissue, (2) regulation of enzyme expression in adipose tissue, and (3) whole-body energy balance.
    Title: Regulation of Lipolytic Response and Energy Balance by Melanocortin 2 Receptor Accessory Protein (MRAP) in Adipocytes.
  3. MRAP expression in human cell line results in an ACTH responsive phenotype.
    Title: H295R expression of melanocortin 2 receptor accessory protein results in ACTH responsiveness.
  4. Data show that co-expression with MRAPalpha, but not MRAP2, enhances MC4R constitutive activity. MRAPalpha-enhanced MC4R constitutive activity is not dependent on MC4R complex glycosylation but may result from MRAPalpha-induced changes in MC4R conformational states.
    Title: hMRAPα, but Not hMRAP2, Enhances hMC4R Constitutive Activity in HEK293 Cells and This Is Not Dependent on hMRAPα Induced Changes in hMC4R Complex N-linked Glycosylation.
  5. The results firmly establish that only the copy of MRAP oriented with the amino terminus on the extracellular side of the receptor is essential for Adrenocorticotropic Hormone signal transduction.
    Title: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) Responses Require Actions of the Melanocortin-2 Receptor Accessory Protein on the Extracellular Surface of the Plasma Membrane.
  6. Data suggest that MRAP regulates expression of melanocortin receptors (MC1R-MC5R); MRAP is highly expressed in both zona fasciculata and undifferentiated zone of adrenal gland, sites of MC2R-mediated adrenal steroidogenesis. [REVIEW]
    Title: Melanocortin receptor accessory proteins in adrenal gland physiology and beyond.
  7. The data suggest that MRAPalpha is involved in MC2R targeting to the plasma membrane, while MRAPbeta may enhance ACTH-MC2R coupling to cAMP production.
    Title: The C-terminal domains of melanocortin-2 receptor (MC2R) accessory proteins (MRAP1) influence their localization and ACTH-induced cAMP production.
  8. MRAP is positively regulated by ACTH and AngII in human adrenocortical tissues.
    Title: Melanocortin 2 receptor-associated protein (MRAP) and MRAP2 in human adrenocortical tissues: regulation of expression and association with ACTH responsiveness.
  9. A novel MRAP mutation is identified in a neonate where disruption of intron 3 splice-site results in a prematurely terminated translation product causing complete lack of adrenocorticotrophic (ADTH) hormone receptor response.
    Title: Neonatal presentation of familial glucocorticoid deficiency resulting from a novel splice mutation in the melanocortin 2 receptor accessory protein.
  10. The MRAP promoter is activated by serum depletion according to promoter reporter assays in HEK 293 cells.
    Title: Functional analysis and identification of cis-regulatory elements of human chromosome 21 gene promoters.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (22)

Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Associated conditions

Description Tests
Glucocorticoid deficiency 2
MedGen: C4049714 OMIM: 607398 GeneReviews: Not available
Compare labs

See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

Markers

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables corticotropin hormone receptor binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables corticotropin hormone receptor binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables identical protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables signaling receptor regulator activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables type 1 melanocortin receptor binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables type 1 melanocortin receptor binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables type 3 melanocortin receptor binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables type 3 melanocortin receptor binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables type 4 melanocortin receptor binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables type 4 melanocortin receptor binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables type 5 melanocortin receptor binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables type 5 melanocortin receptor binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in negative regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in protein localization to plasma membrane IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in protein localization to plasma membrane IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
is_active_in endoplasmic reticulum IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in endoplasmic reticulum IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in endoplasmic reticulum IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in endoplasmic reticulum membrane IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in intracellular membrane-bounded organelle IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
  
located_in membrane IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
is_active_in plasma membrane IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in plasma membrane IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in plasma membrane IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Preferred Names
melanocortin-2 receptor accessory protein
Names
fat cell-specific low molecular weight protein
fat tissue-specific low MW protein

NEW Try the new Transcript table

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

  1. NG_016234.1 RefSeqGene

    Range
    12043..25478
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001285394.2 → NP_001272323.1  melanocortin-2 receptor accessory protein isoform c

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001272323.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (3) lacks a coding exon compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (c) has a shorter N-terminus compared to isoform alpha.
    Source sequence(s)
    AP000266
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q8TCY5
    Related
    ENST00000497833.1
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam15183
    Location:1 → 30
    MRAP; Melanocortin-2 receptor accessory protein family

  2. NM_001379228.1 → NP_001366157.1  melanocortin-2 receptor accessory protein isoform alpha

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AP000266
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS13613.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q5EBR3, Q8TCY5, Q8TDB7, Q8WXC1, Q8WXC2
    Related
    ENSP00000306697.5, ENST00000303645.10
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam15183
    Location:1 → 89
    MRAP; Melanocortin-2 receptor accessory protein family

  3. NM_178817.4 → NP_848932.1  melanocortin-2 receptor accessory protein isoform alpha

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_848932.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest transcript and encodes the longest isoform (alpha).
    Source sequence(s)
    AP000266
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS13613.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q5EBR3, Q8TCY5, Q8TDB7, Q8WXC1, Q8WXC2
    Related
    ENSP00000382684.2, ENST00000399784.6
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam15183
    Location:1 → 89
    MRAP; Melanocortin-2 receptor accessory protein family

  4. NM_206898.2 → NP_996781.1  melanocortin-2 receptor accessory protein isoform beta

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_996781.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 3' UTR and coding region compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (beta) is shorter and has a distinct C-terminus compared to isoform alpha.
    Source sequence(s)
    AF454915, AF483549
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS13612.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q8TCY5
    Related
    ENSP00000343661.4, ENST00000339944.4
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam15183
    Location:1 → 72
    MRAP; Melanocortin-2 receptor accessory protein family

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000021.9 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    32291813..32314784
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060945.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    30661493..30684541
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q8TCY5.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q8TCY5

Gene LinkOut

The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

Chemical Information
Medical
Molecular Biology Databases
Research Materials
Tools