POLB DNA polymerase beta [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: POLBprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name: DNA polymerase betaprovided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:9174
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000070501 MIM:174760; AllianceGenome:HGNC:9174
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Summary: The protein encoded by this gene is a DNA polymerase involved in base excision and repair, also called gap-filling DNA synthesis. The encoded protein, acting as a monomer, is normally found in the cytoplasm, but it translocates to the nucleus upon DNA damage. Several transcript variants of this gene exist, but the full-length nature of only one has been described to date. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011]
Expression: Broad expression in testis (RPKM 24.2), urinary bladder (RPKM 8.5) and 24 other tissues See more
Orthologs: mouse all
NEW: Try the new Gene table
Try the new Transcript table

Genomic context

Location:: 8p11.21

Exon count:: 16

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_08	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	8	NC_000008.11 (42338494..42371808)
RS_2024_08	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	8	NC_060932.1 (42608570..42642104)
RS_2024_09	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	8	NC_000008.10 (42196012..42229326)

Chromosome 8 - NC_000008.11 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

Go to the top of the page Help

Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

Go to the top of the page Help

See details

Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
BioProject: PRJNA270632
Publication: PMID 26076956
Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

Bibliography

Go to the top of the page Help

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

SNP-Associated Substitutions of Amino Acid Residues in the dNTP Selection Subdomain Decrease Polbeta Polymerase Activity.
Title: SNP-Associated Substitutions of Amino Acid Residues in the dNTP Selection Subdomain Decrease Polβ Polymerase Activity.
Modifying the Basicity of the dNTP Leaving Group Modulates Precatalytic Conformational Changes of DNA Polymerase beta.
Title: Modifying the Basicity of the dNTP Leaving Group Modulates Precatalytic Conformational Changes of DNA Polymerase β.
Impact of polbeta/XRCC1 Interaction Variants on the Efficiency of Nick Sealing by DNA Ligase IIIalpha in the Base Excision Repair Pathway.
Title: Impact of polβ/XRCC1 Interaction Variants on the Efficiency of Nick Sealing by DNA Ligase IIIα in the Base Excision Repair Pathway.
The Impact of SNP-Induced Amino Acid Substitutions L19P and G66R in the dRP-Lyase Domain of Human DNA Polymerase beta on Enzyme Activities.
Title: The Impact of SNP-Induced Amino Acid Substitutions L19P and G66R in the dRP-Lyase Domain of Human DNA Polymerase β on Enzyme Activities.
DNA polymerase beta connects tumorigenicity with the circadian clock in liver cancer through the epigenetic demethylation of Per1.
Title: DNA polymerase beta connects tumorigenicity with the circadian clock in liver cancer through the epigenetic demethylation of Per1.
Coordination between human DNA polymerase beta and apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 in the course of DNA repair.
Title: Coordination between human DNA polymerase β and apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 in the course of DNA repair.
The Impact of Human DNA Glycosylases on the Activity of DNA Polymerase beta toward Various Base Excision Repair Intermediates.
Title: The Impact of Human DNA Glycosylases on the Activity of DNA Polymerase β toward Various Base Excision Repair Intermediates.
Targeting DNA polymerase beta elicits synthetic lethality with mismatch repair deficiency in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Title: Targeting DNA polymerase β elicits synthetic lethality with mismatch repair deficiency in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
The Activity of Natural Polymorphic Variants of Human DNA Polymerase beta Having an Amino Acid Substitution in the Transferase Domain.
Title: The Activity of Natural Polymorphic Variants of Human DNA Polymerase β Having an Amino Acid Substitution in the Transferase Domain.
Human Polbeta Natural Polymorphic Variants G118V and R149I Affects Substate Binding and Catalysis.
Title: Human Polβ Natural Polymorphic Variants G118V and R149I Affects Substate Binding and Catalysis.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (178)

Phenotypes

Go to the top of the page Help

Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Genome-wide association study for circulating tissue plasminogen activator levels and functional follow-up implicates endothelial STXBP5 and STX2. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed

Variation

Go to the top of the page Help

See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

HIV-1 interactions

Go to the top of the page Help

Replication interactions

Interaction	Pubs
Knockdown of polymerase (DNA directed), beta (POLB) by siRNA enhances the early stages of HIV-1 replication in HeLa-CD4 cells infected with viral pseudotypes HIV89.6R and HIV8.2N	PubMed

Protein interactions

Protein	Gene	Interaction	Pubs
Tat	tat	HIV-1 Tat is a potent inducer of the human DNA repair enzyme beta-polymerase, suggesting Tat may alter DNA stability in AIDS-related lymphomas	PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Interactions

Go to the top of the page Help

Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

Go to the top of the page Help

Markers

NoName (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:486751

D8S2287 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:473963

D8S2288 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:473964

D8S2289 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:473965

D8S2290 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:473966

D8S2286 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:473967

GDB:384702 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:157085

SGC31519 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:44722

RH25936 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:90547

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables 5'-deoxyribose-5-phosphate lyase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables 5'-deoxyribose-5-phosphate lyase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables DNA binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables DNA polymerase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease activity	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
enables DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
enables class I DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables class I DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables damaged DNA binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables enzyme binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables lyase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables lyase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables metal ion binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables microtubule binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables nucleotidyltransferase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables transferase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in DNA biosynthetic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in DNA damage response	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in DNA damage response	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in DNA metabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in DNA repair	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in DNA repair	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in DNA replication	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in DNA-templated DNA replication	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within apoptotic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in base-excision repair	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in base-excision repair	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in base-excision repair	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in base-excision repair	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within base-excision repair, gap-filling	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in base-excision repair, gap-filling	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in base-excision repair, gap-filling	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
involved_in double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within homeostasis of number of cells	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within immunoglobulin heavy chain V-D-J recombination	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within in utero embryonic development	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within inflammatory response	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within lymph node development	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within neuron apoptotic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
NOT involved_in nucleotide-excision repair, DNA gap filling	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in pyrimidine dimer repair	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to ethanol	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to gamma radiation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to hyperoxia	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within salivary gland morphogenesis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within somatic diversification of immunoglobulins	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within spleen development	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in cytoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in cytoplasm	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in microtubule	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in nucleoplasm	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
is_active_in nucleus	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in nucleus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
part_of protein-containing complex	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in spindle microtubule	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

Go to the top of the page Help

Preferred Names: DNA polymerase beta

Names: 5'-dRP lyase; 5'-deoxyribose-phosphate lyase; AP lyase; DNA pol beta; DNA polymerase beta subunit; polymerase (DNA directed), beta; polymerase (DNA) beta

NP_002681.1

EC 2.7.7.7

EC 4.2.99.18

XP_005273592.1

EC 2.7.7.7

EC 4.2.99.18

XP_005273593.1

EC 2.7.7.7

EC 4.2.99.18

XP_005273594.1

EC 2.7.7.7

EC 4.2.99.18

XP_005273595.1

EC 2.7.7.7

EC 4.2.99.18

XP_005273596.1

EC 2.7.7.7

EC 4.2.99.18

XP_005273597.1

EC 2.7.7.7

EC 4.2.99.18

XP_016869072.1

EC 2.7.7.7

EC 4.2.99.18

XP_016869073.1

EC 2.7.7.7

EC 4.2.99.18

XP_047277856.1

EC 2.7.7.7

EC 4.2.99.18

XP_047277857.1

EC 2.7.7.7

EC 4.2.99.18

XP_054216680.1

EC 2.7.7.7

EC 4.2.99.18

XP_054216681.1

EC 2.7.7.7

EC 4.2.99.18

XP_054216682.1

EC 2.7.7.7

EC 4.2.99.18

XP_054216683.1

EC 2.7.7.7

EC 4.2.99.18

XP_054216684.1

EC 2.7.7.7

EC 4.2.99.18

XP_054216685.1

EC 2.7.7.7

EC 4.2.99.18

XP_054216686.1

EC 2.7.7.7

EC 4.2.99.18

XP_054216687.1

EC 2.7.7.7

EC 4.2.99.18

XP_054216688.1

EC 2.7.7.7

EC 4.2.99.18

XP_054216689.1

EC 2.7.7.7

EC 4.2.99.18

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

Go to the top of the page Help

NEW Try the new Transcript table

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_002690.3 → NP_002681.1 DNA polymerase beta

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_002681.1

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

BM678092, BP370570, D29013

Consensus CDS

CCDS6129.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

B2RC78, P06746, Q3KP48, Q6FI34

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q53EV2

Related

ENSP00000265421.4, ENST00000265421.9

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd00141
Location:15 → 333

NT_POLXc; Nucleotidyltransferase (NT) domain of family X DNA Polymerases

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

NC_000008.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Range

42338494..42371808

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

XM_005273535.5 → XP_005273592.1 DNA polymerase beta isoform X1

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_005273592.1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q53EV2

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd00141
Location:15 → 368

NT_POLXc; Nucleotidyltransferase (NT) domain of family X DNA Polymerases
XM_005273536.5 → XP_005273593.1 DNA polymerase beta isoform X2

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q53EV2

Conserved Domains (2) summary

cd00141
Location:15 → 339

NT_POLXc; Nucleotidyltransferase (NT) domain of family X DNA Polymerases

smart00483
Location:10 → 340

POLXc; DNA polymerase X family
XM_005273537.5 → XP_005273594.1 DNA polymerase beta isoform X3

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q53EV2

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd00141
Location:15 → 304

NT_POLXc; Nucleotidyltransferase (NT) domain of family X DNA Polymerases
XM_005273538.3 → XP_005273595.1 DNA polymerase beta isoform X4

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_005273595.1

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd00141
Location:9 → 219

NT_POLXc; Nucleotidyltransferase (NT) domain of family X DNA Polymerases
XM_005273539.3 → XP_005273596.1 DNA polymerase beta isoform X5

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_005273596.1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

B7Z1W5

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd00141
Location:1 → 179

NT_POLXc; Nucleotidyltransferase (NT) domain of family X DNA Polymerases
XM_017013583.2 → XP_016869072.1 DNA polymerase beta isoform X4

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd00141
Location:9 → 219

NT_POLXc; Nucleotidyltransferase (NT) domain of family X DNA Polymerases
XM_017013584.2 → XP_016869073.1 DNA polymerase beta isoform X5

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

B7Z1W5

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd00141
Location:1 → 179

NT_POLXc; Nucleotidyltransferase (NT) domain of family X DNA Polymerases
XM_005273540.5 → XP_005273597.1 DNA polymerase beta isoform X5

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_005273597.1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

B7Z1W5

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd00141
Location:1 → 179

NT_POLXc; Nucleotidyltransferase (NT) domain of family X DNA Polymerases
XM_047421900.1 → XP_047277856.1 DNA polymerase beta isoform X4
XM_047421901.1 → XP_047277857.1 DNA polymerase beta isoform X5

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

B7Z1W5

RNA

XR_428311.4 RNA Sequence

Related

ENST00000518925.5

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

NC_060932.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Range

42608570..42642104

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

XM_054360705.1 → XP_054216680.1 DNA polymerase beta isoform X1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q53EV2
XM_054360706.1 → XP_054216681.1 DNA polymerase beta isoform X2

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q53EV2
XM_054360707.1 → XP_054216682.1 DNA polymerase beta isoform X3

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q53EV2
XM_054360708.1 → XP_054216683.1 DNA polymerase beta isoform X4
XM_054360711.1 → XP_054216686.1 DNA polymerase beta isoform X5

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

B7Z1W5
XM_054360709.1 → XP_054216684.1 DNA polymerase beta isoform X4
XM_054360712.1 → XP_054216687.1 DNA polymerase beta isoform X5

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

B7Z1W5
XM_054360714.1 → XP_054216689.1 DNA polymerase beta isoform X5

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

B7Z1W5
XM_054360710.1 → XP_054216685.1 DNA polymerase beta isoform X4
XM_054360713.1 → XP_054216688.1 DNA polymerase beta isoform X5

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

B7Z1W5