RHCG Rh family C glycoprotein [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: RHCGprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name: Rh family C glycoproteinprovided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:18140
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000140519 MIM:605381; AllianceGenome:HGNC:18140
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: RHGK; PDRC2; C15orf6; SLC42A3
Summary: Enables several functions, including ammonium channel activity; ankyrin binding activity; and carbon dioxide transmembrane transporter activity. Involved in ammonium transmembrane transport; intracellular monoatomic ion homeostasis; and transepithelial ammonium transport. Located in apical plasma membrane and basolateral plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2025]
Expression: Restricted expression toward esophagus (RPKM 1491.4) See more
Orthologs: mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 15q26.1

Exon count:: 11

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_08	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	15	NC_000015.10 (89471407..89496583, complement)
RS_2024_08	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	15	NC_060939.1 (87227437..87252613, complement)
RS_2024_09	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	15	NC_000015.9 (90014638..90039814, complement)

Chromosome 15 - NC_000015.10 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
BioProject: PRJNA270632
Publication: PMID 26076956
Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Comprehensive Analysis to Identify Rh Family C Glycoprotein (RHCG) as the Causative Gene for Psoriasis and Search for Alternative Treatment Modalities.
Title: Comprehensive Analysis to Identify Rh Family C Glycoprotein (RHCG) as the Causative Gene for Psoriasis and Search for Alternative Treatment Modalities.
High RhCG level was correlated with poor prognosis of gastric cancer patients.
Title: High RhCG expression predicts poor survival and promotes migration and proliferation of gastric cancer via keeping intracellular alkaline.
Our study reveals that RHCG acts as a tumor suppressor gene that plays a crucial role in inhibiting tumorigenicity and metastasis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
Title: Rh type C-glycoprotein functions as a novel tumor suppressor gene by inhibiting tumorigenicity and metastasis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
RhCG and H+ATPases are located within the same cellular protein complex in the kidney and this interaction is required for maximal urinary acidification by H+-ATPases, a prerequisite for efficient NH3 secretion and urine excretion of NH4+.
Title: The ammonia transporter RhCG modulates urinary acidification by interacting with the vacuolar proton-ATPases in renal intercalated cells.
RHCG was down-regulated in cervical cancers compared to that in normal cervical tissues, and further decreased in cervical cancer cell lines. Functionally, RHCG overexpression reduced cervical cancer cell proliferation and migration, as evidenced by the decreased transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 expressions in cancer cells.
Title: RHCG suppresses cervical cancer progression through inhibiting migration and inducing apoptosis regulated by TGF-β1.
The results support the notion that RHCG is a novel tumor suppressor gene that plays an important role in the development and progression of ESCC.
Title: RHCG Suppresses Tumorigenicity and Metastasis in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma via Inhibiting NF-κB Signaling and MMP1 Expression.
The molecular mechanism of NH4(+) recruitment and NH3 transport by RHCG is described.
Title: Mechanism of NH4(+) Recruitment and NH3 Transport in Rh Proteins.
Rh B Glycoprotein (Rhbg) and Rh C Glycoprotein (Rhcg) are identified as ammonia transporters. They are expressed in specific cell populations and membrane domains in distal renal epithelial cells, where they facilitate ammonia secretion.
Title: Ammonia transport in the kidney by Rhesus glycoproteins.
RhAG, RhBG and RhCG-exhibit significant permeability to NH3 and show for the first time that RhBG and RhCG can conduct CO2.
Title: Relative CO₂/NH₃ permeabilities of human RhAG, RhBG and RhCG.
Amt and Rh proteins are not functionally equivalent and that permeation takes place according to two distinct mechanisms.
Title: Different hydration patterns in the pores of AmtB and RhCG could determine their transport mechanisms.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (19)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

RH102085 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:96419

SHGC-144446 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:172249

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables ammonium channel activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables ammonium channel activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables ammonium channel activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables ammonium channel activity	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
enables ammonium channel activity	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
enables ankyrin binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables carbon dioxide transmembrane transporter activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables identical protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in amine transport	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in ammonium homeostasis	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in ammonium transmembrane transport	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in ammonium transmembrane transport	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in ammonium transmembrane transport	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in ammonium transmembrane transport	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in carbon dioxide transmembrane transport	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in epithelial cell differentiation	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in homeostatic process	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in intracellular monoatomic ion homeostasis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of pH	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in transepithelial ammonium transport	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
is_active_in apical plasma membrane	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in apical plasma membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in apical plasma membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
is_active_in basolateral plasma membrane	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in basolateral plasma membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in cytoplasmic vesicle	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in extracellular exosome	HDA more info	PubMed
located_in membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
is_active_in plasma membrane	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in plasma membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in plasma membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in plasma membrane	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: ammonium transporter Rh type C

Names: Rh type C glycoprotein; Rhesus blood group, C glycoprotein; rh family type C glycoprotein; rh glycoprotein kidney; rhesus blood group family type C glycoprotein; tumor-related protein DRC2

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001321041.2 → NP_001307970.1 ammonium transporter Rh type C

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

AK313238, BC015461

Consensus CDS

CCDS10351.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

A8K4D4, Q6X3Y4, Q9UBD6

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

B4DPA5

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cl03012
Location:60 → 435

Ammonium_transp; Ammonium Transporter Family
NM_016321.3 → NP_057405.1 ammonium transporter Rh type C

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_057405.1

Status: VALIDATED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer transcript and encodes a protein.

Source sequence(s)

AF193809, BC030965, DC306265

Consensus CDS

CCDS10351.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

A8K4D4, Q6X3Y4, Q9UBD6

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

B4DPA5

Related

ENSP00000268122.4, ENST00000268122.9

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cl03012
Location:60 → 435

Ammonium_transp; Ammonium Transporter Family

RNA

NR_110261.2 RNA Sequence

Status: VALIDATED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the use of an alternate 3' splice site, compared to variant 1. This variant is represented as non-coding because the use of the 5'-most expected translational start codon renders the transcript a candidate for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD).

Source sequence(s)

AF193809, BC015461, DC306265

Related

ENST00000560081.5