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ATRAID all-trans retinoic acid induced differentiation factor [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 51374, updated on 7-Apr-2025

Summary

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Official Symbol
ATRAIDprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name
all-trans retinoic acid induced differentiation factorprovided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:24090
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000138085 MIM:619682; AllianceGenome:HGNC:24090
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
p18; APR3; APR-3; APR--3; PRO240; C2orf28; HSPC013
Summary
This gene is thought to be involved in apoptosis, and may also be involved in hematopoietic development and differentiation. The use of alternative splice sites and promotors result in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009]
Expression
Ubiquitous expression in thyroid (RPKM 48.2), testis (RPKM 45.1) and 25 other tissues See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

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See ATRAID in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
2p23.3
Exon count:
7
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 2 NC_000002.12 (27212041..27217183)
RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 2 NC_060926.1 (27253676..27258822)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 2 NC_000002.11 (27434909..27440051)

Chromosome 2 - NC_000002.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene proline rich 30 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 15492 Neighboring gene transcription factor 23 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 15493 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 11288 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 2640 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak3631 silencer Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:27432993-27433790 Neighboring gene solute carrier family 5 member 6 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 11289 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 11290 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 11291 Neighboring gene BRD4-independent group 4 enhancer GRCh37_chr2:27454350-27455549 Neighboring gene carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase Neighboring gene CDK7 strongly-dependent group 2 enhancer GRCh37_chr2:27465505-27466704 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:27472326-27473120 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:27473121-27473914 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 11292 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 11293 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 11294 Neighboring gene solute carrier family 30 member 3 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 11295 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 11296 Neighboring gene DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member C5 gamma

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
  • Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
  • BioProject: PRJNA270632
  • Publication: PMID 26076956
  • Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Increased expression of apoptosis-related protein 3 is highly associated with tumorigenesis and progression of cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Zhang Y, et al. Hum Pathol, 2013 Mar. PMID 23036366
  2. The Genetics of Atypical Femur Fractures-a Systematic Review. Zhou W, et al. Curr Osteoporos Rep, 2021 Apr. PMID 33587247, Free PMC Article
  3. ATRAID regulates the action of nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates on bone. Surface LE, et al. Sci Transl Med, 2020 May 20. PMID 32434850, Free PMC Article
  4. Identification of the distinct promoters for the two transcripts of apoptosis related protein 3 and their transcriptional regulation by NFAT and NFkappaB. Yang G, et al. Mol Cell Biochem, 2007 Aug. PMID 17387583
  5. Interaction of Nel-like molecule 1 with apoptosis related protein 3 with its influence on human dental pulp cells proliferation and differentiation into odontoblasts. Tian X, et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2019 Oct 15. PMID 31416616

See all (26) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. The Genetics of Atypical Femur Fractures-a Systematic Review.
    Title: The Genetics of Atypical Femur Fractures-a Systematic Review.
  2. Nell-1 could reciprocally interact with APR3 and stimulate the differentiation and mineralization of human dental pulp cells.
    Title: Interaction of Nel-like molecule 1 with apoptosis related protein 3 with its influence on human dental pulp cells proliferation and differentiation into odontoblasts.
  3. APR3 expression is increased significantly with malignant progression of human cervical cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and thus, it may serve as a potential biomarker to predict prognosis of cervical SCC.
    Title: Increased expression of apoptosis-related protein 3 is highly associated with tumorigenesis and progression of cervical squamous cell carcinoma.
  4. the effects of NELL-1 on osteoblastic differentiation and proliferation are partly through binding to APR3
    Title: NELL-1 binds to APR3 affecting human osteoblast proliferation and differentiation.
  5. These data suggested that APR3 might be functionally important in certain processes under which NFAT and/or NFkappaB are/is activated.
    Title: Identification of the distinct promoters for the two transcripts of apoptosis related protein 3 and their transcriptional regulation by NFAT and NFkappaB.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

HIV-1 interactions

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Protein interactions

Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
Nef nef The yeast two-hybrid screen identifies the HIV-1 Nef interacting human protein all-trans retinoic acid-induced differentiation factor (ATRAID; APR-3) in cells PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in cell differentiation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in negative regulation of osteoblast proliferation IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of protein catabolic process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of bone mineralization IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in regulation of gene expression IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in xenobiotic transmembrane transport IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
is_active_in intracellular membrane-bounded organelle IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in lysosomal membrane IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in lysosomal membrane IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in lysosome IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in membrane IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in nuclear envelope IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in nuclear envelope IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in nucleus IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in perinuclear region of cytoplasm IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in plasma membrane IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  

General protein information

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Preferred Names
all-trans retinoic acid-induced differentiation factor
Names
apoptosis related protein APR-3
apoptosis-related protein 3

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001170795.4 → NP_001164266.1  all-trans retinoic acid-induced differentiation factor isoform c precursor

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001164266.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC013403
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS62877.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A8C1S2, A8K779, Q6UW56, Q96FF6, Q96RT2, Q9Y2R7, Q9Y5L7
    Related
    ENSP00000369518.4, ENST00000380171.9

  2. NM_016085.5 → NP_057169.2  all-trans retinoic acid-induced differentiation factor isoform a

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_057169.2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC013403
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS46243.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q6UW56
    Related
    ENSP00000384033.3, ENST00000405489.7

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000002.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    27212041..27217183
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060926.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    27253676..27258822
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Suppressed Reference Sequence(s)

The following Reference Sequences have been suppressed. Explain

  1. NM_080592.3: Suppressed sequence

    Description
    NM_080592.3: This RefSeq was removed because currently there is support for the transcript but not for the protein.
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q6UW56.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q6UW56

Gene LinkOut

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