Rel Relish [Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Relprovided by FlyBase
Official Full Name: Relishprovided by FlyBase
Primary source: FLYBASE:FBgn0014018
Locus tag: Dmel_CG11992
See related: AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0014018
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Drosophila melanogaster
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
Also known as: CG11992; Dmel\CG11992; ird; ird4; l(3)neo36; NF-kappaB; NF-kappaBeta; NF-KB; NFkappaB; rel; REL; Rel-p110; Rel/NF-kappaB; Rel1; Rel49; RelA; RELI; relish
Summary: Enables several functions, including DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific; RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding activity; and lncRNA binding activity. Involved in several processes, including defense response to other organism; neuron development; and regulation of defense response. Located in cytosol; euchromatin; and nucleus. Is expressed in several structures, including Malpighian tubule; amnioserosa; embryonic/larval midgut primordium; germline cell; and gut section. Used to study neurodegenerative disease and opportunistic bacterial infectious disease. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in several diseases, including HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis; carcinoma (multiple); common variable immunodeficiency (multiple); melanoma; and prostate cancer. Orthologous to human NFKB1 (nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1) and NFKB2 (nuclear factor kappa B subunit 2). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2025]
Orthologs: all
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Genomic context

Location:: 85C3-85C3; 3-48 cM

Exon count:: 2

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
Release 6.54	current	Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4)	3R	NT_033777.3 (9044183..9047977, complement)
Release 5.57	previous assembly	Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2)	3R	NT_033777.2 (4869905..4873699, complement)

Chromosome 3R - NT_033777.3 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

The NF-kappaB Factor Relish maintains blood progenitor homeostasis in the developing Drosophila lymph gland.
Title: The NF-κB Factor Relish maintains blood progenitor homeostasis in the developing Drosophila lymph gland.
Rel governs loser elimination during stem cell competition in the Drosophila testis.
Title: Rel governs loser elimination during stem cell competition in the Drosophila testis.
The Relish/miR-275/Dredd mediated negative feedback loop is crucial to restoring immune homeostasis of Drosophila Imd pathway.
Title: The Relish/miR-275/Dredd mediated negative feedback loop is crucial to restoring immune homeostasis of Drosophila Imd pathway.
The NF-kappaB/Relish Activates miR-308 to Negatively Regulate Imd Pathway Immune Signaling in Drosophila.
Title: The NF-κB/Relish Activates miR-308 to Negatively Regulate Imd Pathway Immune Signaling in Drosophila.
Drosophila H2Av negatively regulates the activity of the IMD pathway via facilitating Relish SUMOylation.
Title: Drosophila H2Av negatively regulates the activity of the IMD pathway via facilitating Relish SUMOylation.
2'3'-cGAMP triggers a STING- and NF-kappaB-dependent broad antiviral response in Drosophila.
Title: 2'3'-cGAMP triggers a STING- and NF-κB-dependent broad antiviral response in Drosophila.
Microenvironmental innate immune signaling and cell mechanical responses promote tumor growth.
Title: Microenvironmental innate immune signaling and cell mechanical responses promote tumor growth.
Characterization and functional analysis of a Relish gene from the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenee).
Title: Characterization and functional analysis of a Relish gene from the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée).
Survival Following Traumatic Brain Injury in Drosophila Is Increased by Heterozygosity for a Mutation of the NF-kappaB Innate Immune Response Transcription Factor Relish.
Title: Survival Following Traumatic Brain Injury in Drosophila Is Increased by Heterozygosity for a Mutation of the NF-κB Innate Immune Response Transcription Factor Relish.
The linear ubiquitin E3 ligase-Relish pathway is involved in the regulation of proteostasis in Drosophila muscle during aging.
Title: The linear ubiquitin E3 ligase-Relish pathway is involved in the regulation of proteostasis in Drosophila muscle during aging.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (44)

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Homology

NCBI Orthologs

Orthologs from OrthoDB

Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables DNA binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables lncRNA binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables signaling receptor inhibitor activity	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in DNA damage response	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in animal gross anatomical part developmental process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in antiviral innate immune response	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in cGAS/STING signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in cGAS/STING signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in cell development	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cellular response to amino acid starvation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in defense response to Gram-negative bacterium	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in defense response to Gram-negative bacterium	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in defense response to Gram-negative bacterium	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in defense response to bacterium	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in defense response to virus	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in dendrite morphogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in immune response	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in immune response	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of stem cell proliferation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway	HMP more info	PubMed
involved_in peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in peripheral nervous system neuron development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of antifungal peptide biosynthetic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of antimicrobial peptide production	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria	HMP more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of defense response to virus by host	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of gene expression	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of innate immune response	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of phagocytosis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of DNA-templated transcription	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in regulation of innate immune response	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of innate immune response	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to bacterium	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in system development	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in cytoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in cytoplasm	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in cytosol	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in cytosol	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
located_in euchromatin	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in nucleoplasm	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
is_active_in nucleus	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in nucleus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: relish

Names: CG11992-PA; CG11992-PB; CG11992-PC; CG11992-PD; Rel-PA; Rel-PB; Rel-PC; Rel-PD; immune response deficient 4; nuclear Factor-kappa-B p110; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p110 subunit

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

NT_033777.3 Reference assembly

Range

9044183..9047977 complement

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_057746.4 → NP_477094.1 relish, isoform A

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_477094.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

A4V2K3, Q94527, Q9U435, Q9U436, Q9U437, Q9U438, Q9U439, Q9U440, Q9U6H3, Q9U6H4, Q9U6H5, Q9VHI0

Related

FBpp0088375

Conserved Domains (6) summary

cd07884
Location:150 → 336

RHD-n_Relish; N-terminal sub-domain of the Rel homology domain (RHD) of the arthropod protein Relish

cd00204
Location:638 → 766

ANK; ankyrin repeats; ankyrin repeats mediate protein-protein interactions in very diverse families of proteins. The number of ANK repeats in a protein can range from 2 to over 20 (ankyrins, for example). ANK repeats may occur in combinations with other ...

cd01177
Location:343 → 446

IPT_NFkappaB; IPT domain of the transcription factor NFkappaB and related transcription factors. NFkappaB is considered a central regulator of stress responses, activated by different stressful conditions, including physical stress, oxidative stress, and exposure to ...

pfam12796
Location:678 → 775

Ank_2; Ankyrin repeats (3 copies)

pfam13637
Location:641 → 691

Ank_4; Ankyrin repeats (many copies)

sd00045
Location:640 → 671

ANK; ANK repeat [structural motif]
NM_206467.1 → NP_996189.1 relish, isoform B

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_996189.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

A4V2K3, Q94527, Q9U435, Q9U436, Q9U437, Q9U438, Q9U439, Q9U440, Q9U6H3, Q9U6H4, Q9U6H5, Q9VHI0

Conserved Domains (6) summary

cd07884
Location:150 → 336

RHD-n_Relish; N-terminal sub-domain of the Rel homology domain (RHD) of the arthropod protein Relish

cd00204
Location:638 → 766

ANK; ankyrin repeats; ankyrin repeats mediate protein-protein interactions in very diverse families of proteins. The number of ANK repeats in a protein can range from 2 to over 20 (ankyrins, for example). ANK repeats may occur in combinations with other ...

cd01177
Location:343 → 446

IPT_NFkappaB; IPT domain of the transcription factor NFkappaB and related transcription factors. NFkappaB is considered a central regulator of stress responses, activated by different stressful conditions, including physical stress, oxidative stress, and exposure to ...

pfam12796
Location:678 → 775

Ank_2; Ankyrin repeats (3 copies)

pfam13637
Location:641 → 691

Ank_4; Ankyrin repeats (many copies)

sd00045
Location:640 → 671

ANK; ANK repeat [structural motif]
NM_206466.1 → NP_996188.1 relish, isoform C

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_996188.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

A4V2K3, Q94527, Q9U435, Q9U436, Q9U437, Q9U438, Q9U439, Q9U440, Q9U6H3, Q9U6H4, Q9U6H5, Q9VHI0

Conserved Domains (6) summary

cd07884
Location:150 → 336

RHD-n_Relish; N-terminal sub-domain of the Rel homology domain (RHD) of the arthropod protein Relish

cd00204
Location:638 → 766

ANK; ankyrin repeats; ankyrin repeats mediate protein-protein interactions in very diverse families of proteins. The number of ANK repeats in a protein can range from 2 to over 20 (ankyrins, for example). ANK repeats may occur in combinations with other ...

cd01177
Location:343 → 446

IPT_NFkappaB; IPT domain of the transcription factor NFkappaB and related transcription factors. NFkappaB is considered a central regulator of stress responses, activated by different stressful conditions, including physical stress, oxidative stress, and exposure to ...

pfam12796
Location:678 → 775

Ank_2; Ankyrin repeats (3 copies)

pfam13637
Location:641 → 691

Ank_4; Ankyrin repeats (many copies)

sd00045
Location:640 → 671

ANK; ANK repeat [structural motif]
NM_206465.1 → NP_996187.1 relish, isoform D

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_996187.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q94527

Conserved Domains (6) summary

cd07884
Location:38 → 224

RHD-n_Relish; N-terminal sub-domain of the Rel homology domain (RHD) of the arthropod protein Relish

cd00204
Location:526 → 654

ANK; ankyrin repeats; ankyrin repeats mediate protein-protein interactions in very diverse families of proteins. The number of ANK repeats in a protein can range from 2 to over 20 (ankyrins, for example). ANK repeats may occur in combinations with other ...

cd01177
Location:231 → 334

IPT_NFkappaB; IPT domain of the transcription factor NFkappaB and related transcription factors. NFkappaB is considered a central regulator of stress responses, activated by different stressful conditions, including physical stress, oxidative stress, and exposure to ...

pfam12796
Location:566 → 663

Ank_2; Ankyrin repeats (3 copies)

pfam13637
Location:529 → 579

Ank_4; Ankyrin repeats (many copies)

sd00045
Location:528 → 559

ANK; ANK repeat [structural motif]