U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

grn grain [ Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) ]

Gene ID: 40962, updated on 8-Apr-2026
Official Symbol
grnprovided by FlyBase
Official Full Name
grainprovided by FlyBase
Primary source
FLYBASE:FBgn0001138
Locus tag
Dmel_CG9656
See related
AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0001138
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Drosophila melanogaster
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
Also known as
CG9656; CG9656-PA; dGATA-2; dGatac; dGATAc; Dmel\CG9656; Gata-c; Gata2; GATAc; gra; GRAIN; Grn; l(3)84Fa
Summary
Enables sequence-specific DNA binding activity. Involved in animal organ morphogenesis; motor neuron axon guidance; and tissue development. Predicted to be active in nucleus. Is expressed in several structures, including T neuron; embryonic/larval motor neurons; head epidermis primordium; leg disc; and segment of leg. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in several diseases, including depressive disorder; hematologic cancer (multiple); hypoparathyroidism-deafness-renal disease syndrome; immunodeficiency 21; and sensorineural hearing loss. Orthologous to several human genes including GATA3 (GATA binding protein 3). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jul 2025]
Orthologs
all
Try the new Gene page
Try the new Transcripts and proteins table
See grn in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
84F1-84F1; 3-48 cM
Exon count:
9
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
Release 6.54 current Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4) 3R NT_033777.3 (8147368..8181444, complement)
Release 5.57 previous assembly Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2) 3R NT_033777.2 (3973090..4007166, complement)

Chromosome 3R - NT_033777.3Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene transfer RNA:Arginine-ACG 1-10 Neighboring gene transfer RNA:Arginine-ACG 1-9 Neighboring gene long non-coding RNA:CR43302 Neighboring gene long non-coding RNA:CR43303

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Related articles in PubMed

  1. Single-cell RNA sequencing in Drosophila: Technologies and applications. Li H. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Dev Biol, 2021 Sep. PMID 32940008, Free PMC Article
  2. A combinatorial code of transcription factors specifies subtypes of visual motion-sensing neurons in Drosophila. Hörmann N, et al. Development, 2020 May 13. PMID 32238425, Free PMC Article
  3. Two forms of type IV zinc-finger motif and their kingdom-specific distribution between the flora, fauna and fungi. Teakle GR, et al. Trends Biochem Sci, 1998 Mar. PMID 9581501
  4. Expression of a Drosophila GATA transcription factor in multiple tissues in the developing embryos. Identification of homozygous lethal mutants with P-element insertion at the promoter region. Lin WH, et al. J Biol Chem, 1995 Oct 20. PMID 7559649
  5. A GATA/homeodomain transcriptional code regulates axon guidance through the Unc-5 receptor. Zarin AA, et al. Development, 2012 May. PMID 22461564

See all (113) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. dGATAe and grn expression are independent of each other; dGATAe and grn are not responsible for setting the general embryonic midgut morphology; results clarify the expression patterns and function of the GATA factor genes expressed in the embryonic midgut
    Title: GATA factor genes in the Drosophila midgut embryo.
  2. Grain is necessary for neuronal cell fate specification
    Title: Neuronal Cell Fate Specification by the Convergence of Different Spatiotemporal Cues on a Common Terminal Selector Cascade.
  3. Data strongly suggests that the eve-grn transcriptional code controls axon guidance, in part, by regulating the level of unc-5 expression.
    Title: A GATA/homeodomain transcriptional code regulates axon guidance through the Unc-5 receptor.
  4. An eve-->grn-->zfh1 genetic cascade is unique to one of the intersegmental motoneurons, the aCC.
    Title: Specification of Drosophila aCC motoneuron identity by a genetic cascade involving even-skipped, grain and zfh1.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction
Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 PubMed 
enables RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables sequence-specific DNA binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables sequence-specific DNA binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables zinc ion binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in animal organ morphogenesis IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in cell fate commitment IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in motor neuron axon guidance IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in regulation of DNA-templated transcription IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in tissue development IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
is_active_in nucleus IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in nucleus IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Preferred Names
grain
Names
CG9656-PA
CG9656-PB
CG9656-PC
GATA-factor-c
grn-PA
grn-PB
grn-PC
lethal(3)84Fa

NEW Try the new Transcript table

Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

  1. NT_033777.3 Reference assembly

    Range
    8147368..8181444 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_169206.3 → NP_731211.1  grain, isoform A

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_731211.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P91623, Q9VHV4
    Related
    FBpp0081304
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    smart00401
    Location:316 → 365
    ZnF_GATA; zinc finger binding to DNA consensus sequence [AT]GATA[AG]
    cd00202
    Location:320 → 370
    ZnF_GATA; Zinc finger DNA binding domain; binds specifically to DNA consensus sequence [AT]GATA[AG] promoter elements; a subset of family members may also bind protein; zinc-finger consensus topology is C-X(2)-C-X(17)-C-X(2)-C

  2. NM_001144554.3 → NP_001138026.1  grain, isoform B

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001138026.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B7Z0V4
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    smart00401
    Location:529 → 578
    ZnF_GATA; zinc finger binding to DNA consensus sequence [AT]GATA[AG]
    cd00202
    Location:533 → 583
    ZnF_GATA; Zinc finger DNA binding domain; binds specifically to DNA consensus sequence [AT]GATA[AG] promoter elements; a subset of family members may also bind protein; zinc-finger consensus topology is C-X(2)-C-X(17)-C-X(2)-C

  3. NM_001275437.2 → NP_001262366.1  grain, isoform C

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001262366.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A0B4KFB6
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    smart00401
    Location:529 → 578
    ZnF_GATA; zinc finger binding to DNA consensus sequence [AT]GATA[AG]
    cd00202
    Location:533 → 583
    ZnF_GATA; Zinc finger DNA binding domain; binds specifically to DNA consensus sequence [AT]GATA[AG] promoter elements; a subset of family members may also bind protein; zinc-finger consensus topology is C-X(2)-C-X(17)-C-X(2)-C
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
A0A0B4KFB6 A0A0B4KFB6
B7Z0V4 B7Z0V4
P91623.1 P91623

Gene LinkOut

The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

Other Literature Sources
Chemical Information
Molecular Biology Databases
Research Materials
Tools
Miscellaneous