speck speck [Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: speckprovided by FlyBase
Official Full Name: speckprovided by FlyBase
Primary source: FLYBASE:FBgn0287831
Locus tag: Dmel_CG3318
See related: AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0287831
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Drosophila melanogaster
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
Also known as: AA-NAT1; aaNat; aaNAT; AANAT; aaNAT-1; aaNAT1; Aanat1; AANAT1; aaNAT1a; aaNAT1b; AANATA; AANATB; CG3318; Dat; DAT; Dat1; DAT1; DmAANATA; DmAANATB; Dmel\CG3318; NAT1; sp
Summary: Enables aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase activity and arylamine N-acetyltransferase activity. Involved in catecholamine metabolic process and chitin-based cuticle sclerotization. Located in cytoplasm. Is expressed in several structures, including adult central brain astrocyte-like glial cell; brain; gut section; neurons; and presumptive embryonic/larval system. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jul 2025]
Orthologs: all
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Genomic context

Location:: 60B12-60C1; 2-106 cM

Exon count:: 6

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
Release 6.54	current	Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4)	2R	NT_033778.4 (24139563..24157762)
Release 5.57	previous assembly	Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2)	2R	NT_033778.3 (20027086..20045285)

Chromosome 2R - NT_033778.4 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

speck, First Identified in Drosophila melanogaster in 1910, Is Encoded by the Arylalkalamine N-Acetyltransferase (AANAT1) Gene.
Title: speck, First Identified in Drosophila melanogaster in 1910, Is Encoded by the Arylalkalamine N-Acetyltransferase (AANAT1) Gene.
AANAT1 functions in astrocytes to regulate sleep homeostasis.
Title: AANAT1 functions in astrocytes to regulate sleep homeostasis.
Data suggest Glu47 acts as general base with apparent pKa of 7.0 in biocatalysis by AANAT; 2 equally active variants exist, with AANATA differing from AANATB by truncation of 35 amino acids from N-terminus. [AANAT; arylalkylamine Nacetyltransferase]
Title: Mechanistic and structural analysis of Drosophila melanogaster arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferases.
Here we report a Drosophila dopamine-related locomotor endophenotype that is shared by pan-neuronal knockdown of orthologs of the ADHD-associated genes Dopamine transporter (DAT1) and Latrophilin (LPHN3), and of a gene causing a monogenic disorder with frequent ADHD comorbidity.
Title: ADHD-associated dopamine transporter, latrophilin and neurofibromin share a dopamine-related locomotor signature in Drosophila.
Dat is entirely responsible for a pigmentation difference between Drosophila species.
Title: A single gene causes an interspecific difference in pigmentation in Drosophila.
Dat possesses a specialized active site structure dedicated to a catalytic mechanism.
Title: Crystal structure of the dopamine N-acetyltransferase-acetyl-CoA complex provides insights into the catalytic mechanism.
Dopamine-dependent arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase plays a role in the regulation of dopamine content carried out by gonadotropins.
Title: Role of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase in regulation of biogenic amines levels by gonadotropins in Drosophila.

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Homology

NCBI Orthologs

Orthologs from OrthoDB

Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables N-acetyltransferase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables acyltransferase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables acyltransferase activity, transferring groups other than amino-acyl groups	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables arylamine N-acetyltransferase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables transferase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in catecholamine metabolic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in chitin-based cuticle sclerotization	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in dopamine catabolic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in melatonin biosynthetic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in serotonin catabolic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in sleep	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in cytoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in cytoplasm	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in nucleus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: speck

Names: CG3318-PA; CG3318-PB; CG3318-PC; arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase; arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase 1; arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase-1; dopamine N acetyltransferase; dopamine N-acetyltransferase; dopamine acetyltransferase; speck-PA; speck-PB; speck-PC

NP_001401022.1

EC 2.3.1.-

EC 2.3.1.5

EC 2.3.1.87

NP_523839.2

EC 2.3.1.-

EC 2.3.1.5

EC 2.3.1.87

NP_995934.1

EC 2.3.1.-

EC 2.3.1.5

EC 2.3.1.87

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

NT_033778.4 Reference assembly

Range

24139563..24157762

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GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001414080.1 → NP_001401022.1 speck, isoform C

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q8MKK2, Q94521, Q9TWF1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0ACD4DAR7
NM_079115.3 → NP_523839.2 speck, isoform A

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_523839.2

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q94521

Related

FBpp0072163

Conserved Domains (2) summary

COG0456
Location:133 → 200

RimI; Ribosomal protein S18 acetylase RimI and related acetyltransferases [Translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis]

pfam00583
Location:129 → 196

Acetyltransf_1; Acetyltransferase (GNAT) family
NM_206212.2 → NP_995934.1 speck, isoform B

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_995934.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q8MKK2, Q94521, Q9TWF1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0ACD4DAR7

Conserved Domains (2) summary

COG0456
Location:168 → 235

RimI; Ribosomal protein S18 acetylase RimI and related acetyltransferases [Translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis]

cl17182
Location:183 → 227

NAT_SF; N-Acyltransferase superfamily: Various enyzmes that characteristicly catalyze the transfer of an acyl group to a substrate