- Asparagine N-linked glycosylation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Asparagine N-linked glycosylation, organism-specific biosystemN-linked glycosylation is the most important form of post-translational modification for proteins synthesized and folded in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (Stanley et al. 2009). An early study in 1999 rev...
- COPI-dependent Golgi-to-ER retrograde traffic, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
COPI-dependent Golgi-to-ER retrograde traffic, organism-specific biosystemRetrograde traffic from the cis-Golgi to the ERGIC or the ER is mediated in part by microtubule-directed COPI-coated vesicles (Letourneur et al, 1994; Shima et al, 1999; Spang et al, 1998; reviewed i...
- COPI-mediated anterograde transport, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
COPI-mediated anterograde transport, organism-specific biosystemThe ERGIC (ER-to-Golgi intermediate compartment, also known as vesicular-tubular clusters, VTCs) is a stable, biochemically distinct compartment located adjacent to ER exit sites (Ben-Tekaya et al, 2...
- ER to Golgi Anterograde Transport, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
ER to Golgi Anterograde Transport, organism-specific biosystemSecretory cargo destined to be secreted or to arrive at the plasma membrane (PM) leaves the ER via distinct exit sites. This cargo is destined for the Golgi apparatus for further processing.
- Endocytosis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Endocytosis, organism-specific biosystemEndocytosis is a mechanism for cells to remove ligands, nutrients, and plasma membrane (PM) proteins, and lipids from the cell surface, bringing them into the cell interior. Transmembrane proteins en...
- Endocytosis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Endocytosis, conserved biosystemEndocytosis is a mechanism for cells to remove ligands, nutrients, and plasma membrane (PM) proteins, and lipids from the cell surface, bringing them into the cell interior. Transmembrane proteins en...
- Golgi-to-ER retrograde transport, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Golgi-to-ER retrograde transport, organism-specific biosystemRetrograde traffic from the cis-Golgi to the ERGIC or the ER occurs through either COPI-coated vesicles or through a less well characterized RAB6-dependent route that makes use of tubular carriers (r...
- Intra-Golgi and retrograde Golgi-to-ER traffic, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Intra-Golgi and retrograde Golgi-to-ER traffic, organism-specific biosystemThe mammalian Golgi complex, a central hub of both anterograde and retrograde trafficking, is a ribbon of stacked cisterna with biochemically distinct compartments (reviewed in Glick and Nakano, 2009...
- Membrane Trafficking, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Membrane Trafficking, organism-specific biosystemThe secretory membrane system allows a cell to regulate delivery of newly synthesized proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids to the cell surface, a necessity for growth and homeostasis. The system is ma...
- Metabolism, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Metabolism, organism-specific biosystemMetabolic processes in human cells generate energy through the oxidation of molecules consumed in the diet and mediate the synthesis of diverse essential molecules not taken in the diet as well as th...
- Metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins, organism-specific biosystemLipids are hydrophobic but otherwise chemically diverse molecules that play a wide variety of roles in human biology. They include ketone bodies, fatty acids, triacylglycerols, phospholipids and sphi...
- Metabolism of proteins, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Metabolism of proteins, organism-specific biosystemProtein metabolism comprises the pathways of translation, post-translational modification and protein folding.
- PI Metabolism, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
PI Metabolism, organism-specific biosystemPhosphatidylinositol (PI), a membrane phospholipid, can be reversibly phosphorylated at the 3, 4, and 5 positions of the inositol ring to generate seven phosphoinositides: phosphatidylinositol 3-phos...
- Phospholipid metabolism, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Phospholipid metabolism, organism-specific biosystemPhospholipids contain a polar head group and two long-chain fatty acyl moieties, one of which is generally unsaturated. The head group is a glycerol or serine phosphate attached to a polar group such...
- Post-translational protein modification, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Post-translational protein modification, organism-specific biosystemAfter translation, many newly formed proteins undergo further covalent modifications that alter their functional properties and that are essentially irreversible under physiological conditions in the...
- Synthesis of PIPs at the Golgi membrane, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Synthesis of PIPs at the Golgi membrane, organism-specific biosystemAt the Golgi membrane, phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) is primarily generated from phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol (PI). Other phosphoinositides are also generated by the action of v...
- Transport to the Golgi and subsequent modification, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Transport to the Golgi and subsequent modification, organism-specific biosystemAt least two mechanisms of transport of proteins from the ER to the Golgi have been described. One is a general flow requiring no export signals (Wieland et al, 1987; Martinez-Menarguez et al, 1999)....
- Vesicle-mediated transport, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Vesicle-mediated transport, organism-specific biosystemThe transit of proteins and other cargo through the cell requires a cellular transport process in which transported substances are moved in membrane-bounded vesicles. Transported substances are enclo...