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IL12A interleukin 12A [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 3592, updated on 10-Oct-2024

Summary

Official Symbol
IL12Aprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name
interleukin 12Aprovided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:5969
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000168811 MIM:161560; AllianceGenome:HGNC:5969
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
P35; CLMF; NFSK; NKSF1; IL-12A
Summary
This gene encodes a subunit of a cytokine that acts on T and natural killer cells, and has a broad array of biological activities. The cytokine is a disulfide-linked heterodimer composed of the 35-kD subunit encoded by this gene, and a 40-kD subunit that is a member of the cytokine receptor family. This cytokine is required for the T-cell-independent induction of interferon (IFN)-gamma, and is important for the differentiation of both Th1 and Th2 cells. The responses of lymphocytes to this cytokine are mediated by the activator of transcription protein STAT4. Nitric oxide synthase 2A (NOS2A/NOS2) is found to be required for the signaling process of this cytokine in innate immunity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Expression
Broad expression in esophagus (RPKM 2.2), lung (RPKM 1.4) and 19 other tissues See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

See IL12A in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
3q25.33
Exon count:
7
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 3 NC_000003.12 (159988835..159996019)
RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 3 NC_060927.1 (162763550..162770734)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 3 NC_000003.11 (159706622..159713806)

Chromosome 3 - NC_000003.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene IQCJ-SCHIP1 readthrough Neighboring gene schwannomin interacting protein 1 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC101928351 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124906299 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 8585 Neighboring gene RNA, U2 small nuclear 31, pseudogene Neighboring gene P300/CBP strongly-dependent group 1 enhancer GRCh37_chr3:159589810-159591009 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 20754 Neighboring gene IL12A antisense RNA 1 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 20755 Neighboring gene CDK7 strongly-dependent group 2 enhancer GRCh37_chr3:159704282-159705481 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:159706332-159706832 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:159706833-159707333 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124906252 Neighboring gene long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1100

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

Expression

  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Phenotypes

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Common genetic variation and antidepressant efficacy in major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis of three genome-wide pharmacogenetic studies.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Genetic risk and a primary role for cell-mediated immune mechanisms in multiple sclerosis.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Genome-wide association analysis identifies new susceptibility loci for Behçet's disease and epistasis between HLA-B*51 and ERAP1.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Genome-wide association study identifies 12 new susceptibility loci for primary biliary cirrhosis.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Genome-wide meta-analyses identify three loci associated with primary biliary cirrhosis.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Meta-analysis of genome scans and replication identify CD6, IRF8 and TNFRSF1A as new multiple sclerosis susceptibility loci.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Multiple common variants for celiac disease influencing immune gene expression.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Newly identified genetic risk variants for celiac disease related to the immune response.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Primary biliary cirrhosis associated with HLA, IL12A, and IL12RB2 variants.
EBI GWAS Catalog

HIV-1 interactions

Protein interactions

Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120 env Levels of IL-12 in LPS-treated myeloid dendritic cells are modulated in the presence of HIV-1 gp120 PubMed
env HIV-1 gp120 inhibits early and late production of interleukin (IL)-12 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) PubMed
env Secretion of IL-12 is found in macrophages primed with gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and subsequently treated with gp120 PubMed
env Apoptosis of CD4+ lymphocytes induced by HIV-1 gp120 cross-linking to CD4 is inhibited by IL-12 PubMed
env HIV-gp120 induces a significant IL-10 synthesis, which in turn inhibits IL-12 subunits mRNA accumulation and protein secretion after Staphylococcus aureus strain cowan I (SAC)-activation PubMed
Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor env IL-7 and IL-12 significantly augment proliferative responses to HIV-1 gp160 PubMed
env Chimeric HIV-1 gp140 - CD40L trimers can target and activate dendritic cells to release IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 PubMed
Nef nef IL-12 and GM-CSF increase the magnitude of the specific immune response with higher breadth by targeting HIV-1 Nef peptides (amino acids 9-23, 11-26, 140-155, 179-193, and 181-195) PubMed
nef IL-1beta, IL-12, and IL-15 are factors involved in the upregulation of IFN-gamma expression in coculture between Nef-pulsed iDCs and NK cells PubMed
nef HIV-1 Nef upregulates IL-12 release in immature human and macaque dendritic cells PubMed
Tat tat HIV-1 Tat upregulates IL-12 expression in Jurkat T-cells, Raji B-cells, monocyte-derived dendritic cells, and primary human Muller glia PubMed
tat Wild-type Tat but not Cys-22 and oxidized Tat induces CD1A-expressing monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDC) maturation and increases the production of cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-12, MIP-1alpha, and MIP-1beta PubMed
tat HIV-1 Tat downregulates IL-12 production by human dendritic cells by blocking extracellular calcium influx PubMed
tat HIV-1 Tat downregulates IL-12 production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) PubMed
Vpr vpr HIV-1 Vpr impairs NK cell function through cytokine dysregulation, including diminshed expression of CD107a, reduced production of IFN-gamma, differential regulation of IL-12 and TGF-beta, and activation of the Smad3 signalling pathway PubMed
vpr The C-terminal domain or the R90 residue of HIV-1 Vpr are important for Vpr-mediated IL-12 degradation via ubiquitin-dependent pathway PubMed
vpr HIV-1 Vpr downregulates the production of interleukin 12 (IL-12) in dendritic cells PubMed
vpr HIV-1 Vpr suppresses expression and secretion of IL-12 subunit p35 and IL-12 holo-protein, but not IL-12 subunit p40 PubMed
matrix gag HIV-1 Matrix upregulates levels of IL-2, IL-12 and IL-15 in natural killer cells and induces natural killer cell proliferation PubMed
reverse transcriptase gag-pol The addition of anti-IFN-gamma antibodies block the IL-12-induced downregulation of HIV-1 RT activity in HIV-1-infected macrophages PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Pathways from PubChem

Interactions

Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

Markers

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
contributes_to cytokine activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
enables cytokine activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
contributes_to cytokine activity TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
PubMed 
contributes_to growth factor activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
contributes_to growth factor activity NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
PubMed 
enables interleukin-12 beta subunit binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
PubMed 
enables interleukin-12 receptor binding NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
PubMed 
enables interleukin-27 binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
PubMed 
enables protein binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
PubMed 
enables protein heterodimerization activity IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in cell migration IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in cellular response to virus IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in defense response to Gram-positive bacterium IEP
Inferred from Expression Pattern
more info
PubMed 
involved_in extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in immune response TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
PubMed 
involved_in interleukin-12-mediated signaling pathway IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
acts_upstream_of negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis IGI
Inferred from Genetic Interaction
more info
PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of interleukin-17 production IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of protein secretion IGI
Inferred from Genetic Interaction
more info
PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
acts_upstream_of negative regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway IGI
Inferred from Genetic Interaction
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of NK T cell activation IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of cell adhesion IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of dendritic cell chemotaxis IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of lymphocyte proliferation IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of natural killer cell activation IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of type II interferon production IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in response to UV-B IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in response to lipopolysaccharide IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in response to virus IEP
Inferred from Expression Pattern
more info
PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in endoplasmic reticulum lumen TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 
located_in extracellular region TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 
is_active_in extracellular space IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
located_in extracellular space IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
part_of interleukin-12 complex IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
part_of interleukin-12 complex NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
PubMed 
located_in late endosome lumen TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 

General protein information

Preferred Names
interleukin-12 subunit alpha
Names
CLMF p35
IL-12, subunit p35
IL35 subunit
NF cell stimulatory factor chain 1
NK cell stimulatory factor chain 1
cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor 1, p35
cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor 35 kDa subunit
interleukin 12, p35
interleukin 12A (natural killer cell stimulatory factor 1, cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor 1, p35)
interleukin-12 alpha chain

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

NEW Try the new Transcript table

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

  1. NG_033022.2 RefSeqGene

    Range
    5002..12186
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_000882.4NP_000873.2  interleukin-12 subunit alpha isoform 1 precursor

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_000873.2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest transcript and encodes the longest isoform (1).
    Source sequence(s)
    AC010370, AW472810, BC104982, M65291
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS3187.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    E9PGR3, O60595
    Related
    ENSP00000303231.2, ENST00000305579.7
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam03039
    Location:51253
    IL12; Interleukin-12 alpha subunit
  2. NM_001354582.2NP_001341511.1  interleukin-12 subunit alpha isoform 2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an alternate in-frame exon compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (2) has the same N- and C-termini but is shorter compared to isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC010370
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    E9PGR3
    Related
    ENSP00000419046.2, ENST00000466512.1
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam03039
    Location:51239
    IL12; Interleukin-12 alpha subunit
  3. NM_001354583.2NP_001341512.1  interleukin-12 subunit alpha isoform 3

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (3) lacks an alternate in-frame exon compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (3) has the same N- and C-termini but is shorter compared to isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC010370
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    E7ENE1
    Related
    ENSP00000420184.2, ENST00000480787.5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam03039
    Location:51215
    IL12; Interleukin-12 alpha subunit
  4. NM_001397992.1NP_001384921.1  interleukin-12 subunit alpha isoform 4 precursor

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest transcript. The encoded isoform (4) uses a downstream in-frame start codon and is shorter than isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC010370, M65291
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS93420.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P29459, Q96QZ1
    Related
    ENSP00000514529.1, ENST00000699704.1
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam03039
    Location:17219
    IL12; Interleukin-12 alpha subunit

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000003.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    159988835..159996019
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060927.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    162763550..162770734
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)