lok loki [Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: lokprovided by FlyBase
Official Full Name: lokiprovided by FlyBase
Primary source: FLYBASE:FBgn0019686
Locus tag: Dmel_CG10895
See related: AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0019686
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Drosophila melanogaster
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
Also known as: 10895; 38B.4; CG10895; chk; chk-2; CHK-2; chk2; Chk2; CHK2; chk2/lok; Dmchk2; DmChk2; DmCHk2; Dmel\CG10895; Dmnk; Dmnk-L; Dmnk-S; Dmnk/DChk2; Lok; loki; Loki; LOKI/CHK2; mnk; Mnk; MNK
Summary: Enables tau-protein kinase activity. Involved in several processes, including cellular response to ionizing radiation; intracellular signal transduction; and regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process. Located in nucleus. Is expressed in several structures, including anlage in statu nascendi; embryonic/larval midgut primordium; germline cell; gonad; and head epidermis primordium. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in several diseases, including Li-Fraumeni syndrome 2; breast cancer (multiple); colorectal cancer; osteosarcoma; and prostate cancer. Orthologous to human CHEK2 (checkpoint kinase 2). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jul 2025]
Orthologs: all
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Genomic context

Location:: 38B2-38B2; 2-54 cM

Exon count:: 7

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
Release 6.54	current	Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4)	2L	NT_033779.5 (20061422..20064381)
Release 5.57	previous assembly	Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2)	2L	NT_033779.4 (20061422..20064381)

Chromosome 2L - NT_033779.5 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

this study demonstrates, that Lok kinase activation is required for the DNA damage-mediated disruption of adult stem cell self-renewal and lineage differentiation, and might also offer novel insight into how DNA damage causes tissue aging and cancer formation.
Title: DNA damage-induced Lok/CHK2 activation compromises germline stem cell self-renewal and lineage differentiation.
FHA domain in Mnk plays dual functions in mediating embryonic DNA damage responses by means of its phosphopeptide-binding ability: activating Mnk in nucleus upon DNA damage &recruiting Mnk to multiple subcellular structures independently of DNA damage
Title: The FHA domain determines Drosophila Chk2/Mnk localization to key mitotic structures and is essential for early embryonic DNA damage responses.
We conclude that the primary responsibility for maintaining genome integrity in the male germline lies with Chk2, and that P53 is required to reconstitute the germline when cells are eliminated owing to unrepaired DNA damage.
Title: Chk2 and p53 regulate the transmission of healed chromosomes in the Drosophila male germline.
nuclear retention involves Chk2-mediated inactivation of the Drosophila stem loop binding protein (SLBP), the levels of which are specifically depleted in damaged nuclei following Chk2 phosphorylation, an event that contributes to nuclear fallout.
Title: Developmentally regulated elimination of damaged nuclei involves a Chk2-dependent mechanism of mRNA nuclear retention.
MOF controls Checkpoint protein2 and regulates genomic stability during early embryogenesis.
Title: Drosophila MOF controls Checkpoint protein2 and regulates genomic stability during early embryogenesis.
while Chk2 functions by activating the p53-dependent apoptotic cascade, Chk2 also functions independently of p53 to limit survival.
Title: Chk2 and p53 are haploinsufficient with dependent and independent functions to eliminate cells after telomere loss.
Drosophila Chk2 and p53 proteins induce stage-specific cell death independently during oogenesis.
Title: Drosophila Chk2 and p53 proteins induce stage-specific cell death independently during oogenesis.
The DNA damage-activated kinases Chk1 and Chk2 may be involved in tau phosphorylation and toxicity in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.
Title: A DNA damage-activated checkpoint kinase phosphorylates tau and enhances tau-induced neurodegeneration.
Data propose that hid expression is activated in a pole cell-specific manner by loki/p53 and dpp/egr during embryogenesis.
Title: Expression of the apoptosis inducer gene head involution defective in primordial germ cells of the Drosophila embryo requires eiger, p53, and loki function.
Genetic screening was performed to identify novel components of the Chk2 signaling pathway in Drosophila.
Title: Genetic screen for genes involved in Chk2 signaling in Drosophila.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (19)

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Homology

NCBI Orthologs

Orthologs from OrthoDB

Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables ATP binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein kinase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables protein kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein serine kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
enables tau-protein kinase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in DNA damage checkpoint signaling	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in DNA damage response	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in apoptotic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to X-ray	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to gamma radiation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in ectopic germ cell programmed cell death	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in germ cell development	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in mitotic DNA damage checkpoint signaling	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in mitotic DNA damage checkpoint signaling	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in oocyte karyosome formation	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in protein phosphorylation	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of DNA repair	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
is_active_in cytoplasm	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in nuclear speck	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
is_active_in nucleus	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in nucleus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: loki

Names: CG10895-PA; CG10895-PB; CG10895-PC; CG10895-PD; checkpoint kinase 2; drosophila maternal nuclear kinase; localized ovarian kinase; lok-PA; lok-PB; lok-PC; lok-PD; maternal nuclear kinase

NP_001246100.1

EC 2.7.11.1

EC 2.7.11.26

NP_477218.1

EC 2.7.11.1

EC 2.7.11.26

NP_477219.1

EC 2.7.11.1

EC 2.7.11.26

NP_724241.1

EC 2.7.11.1

EC 2.7.11.26

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

NT_033779.5 Reference assembly

Range

20061422..20064381

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GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_057871.4 → NP_477219.1 loki, isoform A

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_477219.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

O61267, O61268, P91876, Q8SZS3

Related

FBpp0080860

Conserved Domains (3) summary

smart00220
Location:174 → 441

S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain

cd00060
Location:39 → 156

FHA; Forkhead associated domain (FHA); found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic proteins. Putative nuclear signalling domain. FHA domains may bind phosphothreonine, phosphoserine and sometimes phosphotyrosine. In eukaryotes, many FHA domain-containing proteins ...

cd14084
Location:167 → 441

STKc_Chk2; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine kinase, Cell cycle Checkpoint Kinase 2
NM_057870.4 → NP_477218.1 loki, isoform B

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_477218.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A4V0X0

Related

FBpp0080861

Conserved Domains (3) summary

smart00220
Location:157 → 424

S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain

cd00060
Location:48 → 139

FHA; Forkhead associated domain (FHA); found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic proteins. Putative nuclear signalling domain. FHA domains may bind phosphothreonine, phosphoserine and sometimes phosphotyrosine. In eukaryotes, many FHA domain-containing proteins ...

cd14084
Location:150 → 424

STKc_Chk2; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine kinase, Cell cycle Checkpoint Kinase 2
NM_001259171.2 → NP_001246100.1 loki, isoform D

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001246100.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

D3DMK7, M9NDB6

Conserved Domains (3) summary

smart00220
Location:157 → 281

S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain

cd00060
Location:48 → 139

FHA; Forkhead associated domain (FHA); found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic proteins. Putative nuclear signalling domain. FHA domains may bind phosphothreonine, phosphoserine and sometimes phosphotyrosine. In eukaryotes, many FHA domain-containing proteins ...

cl21453
Location:150 → 283

PKc_like; Protein Kinases, catalytic domain
NM_165318.3 → NP_724241.1 loki, isoform C

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_724241.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A4V0X0

Related

FBpp0080862

Conserved Domains (3) summary

smart00220
Location:157 → 424

S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain

cd00060
Location:48 → 139

FHA; Forkhead associated domain (FHA); found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic proteins. Putative nuclear signalling domain. FHA domains may bind phosphothreonine, phosphoserine and sometimes phosphotyrosine. In eukaryotes, many FHA domain-containing proteins ...

cd14084
Location:150 → 424

STKc_Chk2; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine kinase, Cell cycle Checkpoint Kinase 2