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ID2 inhibitor of DNA binding 2 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 3398, updated on 11-Jun-2025
Official Symbol
ID2provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
inhibitor of DNA binding 2provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:5361
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000115738 MIM:600386; AllianceGenome:HGNC:5361
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
GIG8; ID2A; ID2H; bHLHb26
Summary
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the inhibitor of DNA binding family, members of which are transcriptional regulators that contain a helix-loop-helix (HLH) domain but not a basic domain. Members of the inhibitor of DNA binding family inhibit the functions of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors in a dominant-negative manner by suppressing their heterodimerization partners through the HLH domains. This protein may play a role in negatively regulating cell differentiation. A pseudogene of this gene is located on chromosome 3. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]
Expression
Ubiquitous expression in liver (RPKM 128.2), bone marrow (RPKM 111.2) and 24 other tissues See more
Orthologs
NEW
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Try the new Transcript table
See ID2 in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
2p25.1
Exon count:
3
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 2 NC_000002.12 (8682056..8684461)
RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 2 NC_060926.1 (8705779..8708184)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 2 NC_000002.11 (8822186..8824591)

Chromosome 2 - NC_000002.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105373411 Neighboring gene SNRPE pseudogene 5 Neighboring gene P300/CBP strongly-dependent group 1 enhancer GRCh37_chr2:8773308-8774507 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:8777331-8777854 Neighboring gene VISTA enhancer hs1527 Neighboring gene MED14-independent group 3 enhancer GRCh37_chr2:8802380-8803579 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:8815873-8816791 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:8816792-8817709 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:8818423-8818956 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:8818957-8819490 Neighboring gene NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:8821385-8821888 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 15273 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:8824708-8825498 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:8825499-8826288 Neighboring gene ID2 antisense RNA 1 Neighboring gene kinase D interacting substrate 220 Neighboring gene ARF like GTPase 1 pseudogene Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 15274 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 11129 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 11130 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 5743 Neighboring gene NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:8995048-8995599 Neighboring gene membrane bound glycerophospholipid O-acyltransferase 2 Neighboring gene small nucleolar RNA U13

  • Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
  • Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
  • BioProject: PRJNA270632
  • Publication: PMID 26076956
  • Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
A genome-wide association meta-analysis of self-reported allergy identifies shared and allergy-specific susceptibility loci.
EBI GWAS Catalog
A genome-wide association study of plasma total IgE concentrations in the Framingham Heart Study.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

Markers

Clone Names

  • MGC26389

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
enables RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
PubMed 
enables protein dimerization activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
enables transcription corepressor activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
enables transcription regulator inhibitor activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
enables transcription regulator inhibitor activity ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
enables transcription regulator inhibitor activity TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
PubMed 
enables transmembrane transporter binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
acts_upstream_of B cell differentiation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_or_within Peyer's patch development IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_or_within adipose tissue development IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_or_within adult locomotory behavior IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
acts_upstream_of astrocyte differentiation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_or_within bundle of His development IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_or_within bundle of His development ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_or_within cell development IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_or_within cell maturation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_or_within cell morphogenesis involved in neuron differentiation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_or_within cellular response to lithium ion IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in cellular senescence IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in cellular senescence ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in circadian regulation of gene expression IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in circadian regulation of gene expression ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in circadian rhythm IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in circadian rhythm ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
acts_upstream_of dopaminergic neuron differentiation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in embryonic digestive tract morphogenesis IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in embryonic digestive tract morphogenesis ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in endodermal digestive tract morphogenesis IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in endodermal digestive tract morphogenesis ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_or_within entrainment of circadian clock IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_or_within enucleate erythrocyte differentiation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_or_within enucleate erythrocyte differentiation ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in epithelial cell differentiation involved in mammary gland alveolus development IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in epithelial cell differentiation involved in mammary gland alveolus development ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
acts_upstream_of erythrocyte differentiation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_or_within heart development IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_or_within heart development ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_or_within leukocyte differentiation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in locomotor rhythm IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in locomotor rhythm ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in mammary gland alveolus development IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in mammary gland alveolus development ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in membranous septum morphogenesis IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_or_within metanephros development IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_or_within natural killer cell differentiation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of B cell differentiation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of B cell differentiation ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in negative regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of dopaminergic neuron differentiation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in negative regulation of gene expression IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in negative regulation of gene expression ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in negative regulation of muscle cell differentiation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in negative regulation of muscle cell differentiation ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in neuron differentiation IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
acts_upstream_of neuron fate commitment IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
acts_upstream_of neuron fate commitment ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_or_within olfactory bulb development IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_or_within olfactory bulb development ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_or_within oligodendrocyte development IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
acts_upstream_of oligodendrocyte differentiation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of astrocyte differentiation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of astrocyte differentiation ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in positive regulation of blood pressure IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in positive regulation of blood pressure ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of erythrocyte differentiation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of fat cell differentiation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of fat cell differentiation ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in positive regulation of gene expression IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in positive regulation of gene expression ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of macrophage differentiation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of macrophage differentiation ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
acts_upstream_of regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in regulation of circadian rhythm IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in regulation of circadian rhythm ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_negative_effect regulation of gene expression IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of lipid metabolic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in regulation of lipid metabolic process ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_negative_effect regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_negative_effect regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_negative_effect regulation of neuron differentiation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_negative_effect regulation of neuron differentiation ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in rhythmic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_or_within thigmotaxis IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
acts_upstream_of white fat cell differentiation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
colocalizes_with cytoplasm IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
located_in cytoplasm IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
located_in cytoplasm IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
located_in cytosol IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
located_in euchromatin IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
located_in euchromatin ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
located_in nucleoplasm TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 
is_active_in nucleus IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
located_in nucleus IC
Inferred by Curator
more info
PubMed 
located_in nucleus IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
located_in nucleus IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
part_of protein-containing complex IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
part_of protein-containing complex ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
Preferred Names
DNA-binding protein inhibitor ID-2
Names
DNA-binding protein inhibitor ID2
cell growth-inhibiting gene 8
class B basic helix-loop-helix protein 26
helix-loop-helix protein ID2
inhibitor of DNA binding 2, HLH protein
inhibitor of DNA binding 2, dominant negative helix-loop-helix protein
inhibitor of differentiation 2

NEW Try the new Transcript table

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_002166.5NP_002157.2  DNA-binding protein inhibitor ID-2

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_002157.2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC011747
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS1659.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q02363
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    D6W4Y7, Q53H99, Q53T66
    Related
    ENSP00000379585.1, ENST00000396290.2
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd19692
    Location:1883
    bHLH_dnHLH_ID2; basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain found in DNA-binding protein inhibitor ID2 and similar proteins

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000002.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    8682056..8684461
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060926.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    8705779..8708184
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)