U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

ed echinoid [ Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) ]

Gene ID: 33619, updated on 12-Aug-2026
Official Symbol
edprovided by FlyBase
Official Full Name
echinoidprovided by FlyBase
Primary source
FLYBASE:FBgn0000547
Locus tag
Dmel_CG12676
See related
AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0000547
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Drosophila melanogaster
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
Also known as
1X5; CG12676; CG15424; CG16842; CT13476; CT35484; Dmel\CG12676; E(Elp)24D; E(Elp)[24D]; Echinoid; Ed; EN2-7; l(2)k01102
Summary
Enables cell adhesion molecule binding activity and epidermal growth factor receptor binding activity. Involved in several processes, including morphogenesis of an epithelium; negative regulation of cell differentiation; and regulation of signal transduction. Located in several cellular components, including adherens junction; cell surface; and early endosome. Is expressed in several structures, including epithelium; follicle cell; gut section; head epidermis primordium; and somatic precursor cell. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jul 2025]
Orthologs
all
Try the new Gene page
Try the new Transcripts and proteins table
Location:
24D4-24D6; 2-11 cM
Exon count:
10
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
Release 6.54 current Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4) 2L NT_033779.5 (4031377..4115749)
Release 5.57 previous assembly Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2) 2L NT_033779.4 (4031377..4115749)

Chromosome 2L - NT_033779.5Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene uncharacterized protein Neighboring gene uncharacterized protein Neighboring gene antisense RNA:CR44984 Neighboring gene Scavenger receptor class C, type III Neighboring gene Scavenger receptor class C, type I

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Related articles in PubMed

  1. Smurf Downregulates Echinoid in the Amnioserosa To Regulate Drosophila Dorsal Closure. Lin CM, et al. Genetics, 2017 Jun. PMID 28428287, Free PMC Article
  2. The cell-adhesion molecule Echinoid promotes tissue survival and separately restricts tissue overgrowth. Spitzer DC, et al. Development, 2025 Aug 1. PMID 40689564, Free PMC Article
  3. A Cell Adhesion-Based Reconstitution Method for Studying Cell Polarity. Johnston CA. Front Cell Dev Biol, 2020. PMID 33195282, Free PMC Article
  4. Drosophila Echinoid is an antagonist of Egfr signalling, but is not a member of the L1-type family of cell adhesion molecules. Hortsch M. Development, 2003 Nov. PMID 14530293
  5. Building the central complex in Drosophila: the generation and development of distinct neural subsets. Young JM, et al. J Comp Neurol, 2010 May 1. PMID 20187144

See all (193) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Together, our results demonstrate that transcriptional repression of Ed followed by Smurf-mediated downregulation of pretranslated Ed in amnioserosa regulates the establishment of a taut leading edge during dorsal closure
    Title: Smurf Downregulates Echinoid in the Amnioserosa To Regulate Drosophila Dorsal Closure.
  2. Data propose that Ed-mediated cell sorting is driven both by differential Ed adhesion that induces cell segregation with a jagged border and by actomyosin cable assembly at the interface that smoothens this border.
    Title: Differential adhesion and actomyosin cable collaborate to drive Echinoid-mediated cell sorting.
  3. The planar polarized distribution of Echinoid in the DME cells thus provides a spatial cue that polarizes the DME cell actin cytoskeleton, defining the epidermal leading edge and establishing its contractile properties.
    Title: Asymmetric distribution of Echinoid defines the epidermal leading edge during Drosophila dorsal closure.
  4. Data show that tracheal-specific expression of Echinoid rescues cell fusion defects, indicating that Ed acts in the trachea to control fusion cell fate.
    Title: Echinoid regulates tracheal morphology and fusion cell fate in Drosophila.
  5. Co-endocytosis of Ed and Fmi provides a link between apicobasal polarity and planar cell polarity.
    Title: Echinoid regulates Flamingo endocytosis to control ommatidial rotation in the Drosophila eye.
  6. differential levels of Ed and Fred between stationary and rotating cells at the initiation of rotation create a permissive environment for cell movement, and uniform levels in these two populations later contribute to stopping the movement
    Title: The cell adhesion molecules Echinoid and Friend of Echinoid coordinate cell adhesion and cell signaling to regulate the fidelity of ommatidial rotation in the Drosophila eye.
  7. Data suggest that Echinoid mediates the dimerization of myosin VI/Jaguar in vivo which in turn regulates the reorganization and/or contraction of actin filaments to control changes in cell shape.
    Title: Cell adhesion molecule Echinoid associates with unconventional myosin VI/Jaguar motor to regulate cell morphology during dorsal closure in Drosophila.
  8. antagonizes the bristle-promoting activity of the Egfr pathway, either by the enhancement of Notch signalling or, similar to the eye, by a more direct action on the Egfr pathway
    Title: Echinoid synergizes with the Notch signaling pathway in Drosophila mesothorax bristle patterning.
  9. role of Ed during embryonic nervous system development, as well as adult sensory bristle specification; interacts synergistically with the Notch signaling pathway
    Title: Echinoid mutants exhibit neurogenic phenotypes and show synergistic interactions with the Notch signaling pathway.
  10. results suggest a model in which neuroglian acts as a heterophilic ligand and activator of echinoid, which in turn antagonizes EGFR signaling
    Title: Neuroglian activates Echinoid to antagonize the Drosophila EGF receptor signaling pathway.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (15)
Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables cell adhesion molecule binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables cell adhesion molecule binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables epidermal growth factor receptor binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in animal gross anatomical part developmental process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in branch fusion, open tracheal system IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in cell-cell adhesion IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in cell-cell adhesion IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in cell-cell adhesion IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in contractile actin filament bundle assembly IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in dorsal appendage formation IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in dorsal closure IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in homophilic cell-cell adhesion IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in homophilic cell-cell adhesion IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in morphogenesis of an epithelium IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in muscle organ morphogenesis IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of R8 cell differentiation IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of fusion cell fate specification IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of neurogenesis IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of Notch signaling pathway IGI
Inferred from Genetic Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of Notch signaling pathway IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of hippo signaling IGI
Inferred from Genetic Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of hippo signaling IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization by cell-cell adhesion IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in regulation of cell shape IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in regulation of establishment of planar polarity IGI
Inferred from Genetic Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in sensory organ development IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in wound healing IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in adherens junction IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in cell cortex HDA PubMed 
located_in cell surface IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
is_active_in cell-cell junction IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in early endosome IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in membrane IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in plasma membrane HDA PubMed 
is_active_in plasma membrane IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in plasma membrane IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
Preferred Names
echinoid
Names
CG12676-PA
CG12676-PB
CG12676-PC
ed-PA
ed-PB
ed-PC
enhancer of NA9 2-7

NEW Try the new Transcript table

Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

  1. NT_033779.5 Reference assembly

    Range
    4031377..4115749
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001273084.1 → NP_001260013.1  echinoid, isoform B

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001260013.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q9BN17, Q9VQW7
    Conserved Domains (8) summary
    cd00096
    Location:656 → 734
    Ig; Immunoglobulin domain
    smart00408
    Location:268 → 323
    IGc2; Immunoglobulin C-2 Type
    smart00410
    Location:654 → 736
    IG_like; Immunoglobulin like
    cd00063
    Location:741 → 848
    FN3; Fibronectin type 3 domain; One of three types of internal repeats found in the plasma protein fibronectin. Its tenth fibronectin type III repeat contains an RGD cell recognition sequence in a flexible loop between 2 strands. Approximately 2% of all ...
    pfam07679
    Location:146 → 249
    I-set; Immunoglobulin I-set domain
    pfam13895
    Location:437 → 514
    Ig_2; Immunoglobulin domain
    pfam13927
    Location:341 → 406
    Ig_3; Immunoglobulin domain
    cl11960
    Location:168 → 249
    Ig; Immunoglobulin domain

  2. NM_001273085.1 → NP_001260014.1  echinoid, isoform C

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001260014.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    M9PCI6, Q9BN17
    Conserved Domains (8) summary
    cd00096
    Location:656 → 734
    Ig; Immunoglobulin domain
    smart00408
    Location:268 → 323
    IGc2; Immunoglobulin C-2 Type
    smart00410
    Location:654 → 736
    IG_like; Immunoglobulin like
    cd00063
    Location:741 → 848
    FN3; Fibronectin type 3 domain; One of three types of internal repeats found in the plasma protein fibronectin. Its tenth fibronectin type III repeat contains an RGD cell recognition sequence in a flexible loop between 2 strands. Approximately 2% of all ...
    pfam07679
    Location:146 → 249
    I-set; Immunoglobulin I-set domain
    pfam13895
    Location:437 → 514
    Ig_2; Immunoglobulin domain
    pfam13927
    Location:341 → 406
    Ig_3; Immunoglobulin domain
    cl11960
    Location:168 → 249
    Ig; Immunoglobulin domain

  3. NM_078745.3 → NP_523469.2  echinoid, isoform A

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_523469.2

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q9BN17, Q9VQW7
    Related
    FBpp0077154
    Conserved Domains (8) summary
    cd00096
    Location:656 → 734
    Ig; Immunoglobulin domain
    smart00408
    Location:268 → 323
    IGc2; Immunoglobulin C-2 Type
    smart00410
    Location:654 → 736
    IG_like; Immunoglobulin like
    cd00063
    Location:741 → 848
    FN3; Fibronectin type 3 domain; One of three types of internal repeats found in the plasma protein fibronectin. Its tenth fibronectin type III repeat contains an RGD cell recognition sequence in a flexible loop between 2 strands. Approximately 2% of all ...
    pfam07679
    Location:146 → 249
    I-set; Immunoglobulin I-set domain
    pfam13895
    Location:437 → 514
    Ig_2; Immunoglobulin domain
    pfam13927
    Location:341 → 406
    Ig_3; Immunoglobulin domain
    cl11960
    Location:168 → 249
    Ig; Immunoglobulin domain
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
M9PCI6 M9PCI6
Q961D6 Q961D6
Q9BN17 Q9BN17
Q9VQW7 Q9VQW7

Gene LinkOut

The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

Other Literature Sources
Molecular Biology Databases
Research Materials
Tools
Miscellaneous