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pcm pacman [ Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) ]

Gene ID: 32935, updated on 12-Aug-2026
Official Symbol
pcmprovided by FlyBase
Official Full Name
pacmanprovided by FlyBase
Primary source
FLYBASE:FBgn0020261
Locus tag
Dmel_CG3291
See related
AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0020261
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Drosophila melanogaster
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
Also known as
CG3291; Dmel\CG3291; DmXrn1; dXRN1; Pcm; PCM; Xrn1; XRN1; XRN1/pcm; Xrn1p
Summary
Predicted to enable 5'-3' RNA exonuclease activity and RNA binding activity. Involved in several processes, including imaginal disc morphogenesis; negative regulation of gene expression; and positive regulation of imaginal disc growth. Located in P-body; neuronal cell body; and neuronal ribonucleoprotein granule. Is active in P granule. Is expressed in several structures, including embryonic head; germ band; germinal proliferation center; germline cell; and wing disc. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in Alzheimer's disease. Orthologous to human XRN1 (5'-3' exoribonuclease 1). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jul 2025]
Orthologs
all
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See pcm in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
18C7-18C7; 1-62 cM
Exon count:
11
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
Release 6.54 current Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4) X NC_004354.4 (19485759..19492011, complement)
Release 5.57 previous assembly Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2) X NC_004354.3 (19379792..19386044, complement)

Chromosome X - NC_004354.4Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene mitochondrial ribosomal protein S14 Neighboring gene N(alpha)-acetyltransferase 15/16 Neighboring gene long non-coding RNA:CR43260 Neighboring gene NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 18 kDa subunit Neighboring gene uncharacterized protein Neighboring gene kish

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Related articles in PubMed

  1. Control of mRNA stability in eukaryotes. Newbury SF. Biochem Soc Trans, 2006 Feb. PMID 16246172
  2. Coupled 5' nucleotide recognition and processivity in Xrn1-mediated mRNA decay. Jinek M, et al. Mol Cell, 2011 Mar 4. PMID 21362555, Free PMC Article
  3. Identification and developmental expression of a 5'-3' exoribonuclease from Drosophila melanogaster. Till DD, et al. Mech Dev, 1998 Dec. PMID 10349620
  4. Cytoplasmically localized tRNA-derived fragments inhibit translation in Drosophila S2 cells. Hamid SM, et al. Turk J Biol, 2022. PMID 37529257, Free PMC Article
  5. Using Photobleaching to Measure Spindle Microtubule Dynamics in Primary Cultures of Dividing Drosophila Meiotic Spermatocytes. Savoian MS. J Biomol Tech, 2015 Jul. PMID 25802491, Free PMC Article

See all (95) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Drosophila Mbf1 associates with E(z) mRNA and protects it from degradation by the exoribonuclease Pacman (Pcm), thereby ensuring Polycomb silencing.
    Title: Mbf1 ensures Polycomb silencing by protecting E(z) mRNA from degradation by Pacman.
  2. data suggest that Pacman controls growth of imaginal discs via control of protein synthesis and regulation of autophagy
    Title: The 5'-3' exoribonuclease Pacman (Xrn1) regulates expression of the heat shock protein Hsp67Bc and the microRNA miR-277-3p in Drosophila wing imaginal discs.
  3. analysis of coupled 5' nucleotide recognition and processivity in Xrn1-mediated mRNA decay
    Title: Coupled 5' nucleotide recognition and processivity in Xrn1-mediated mRNA decay.
  4. Results identify KLP59D as a novel and important regulator of spindle microtubule dynamics and chromosome motility, via Pacman and Flux, in Drosophila somatic cells.
    Title: The Drosophila kinesin-13, KLP59D, impacts Pacman- and Flux-based chromosome movement.
  5. Results show that Pacman, the Drosophila homologue of Xrn1, is localized in cytoplasmic particles in Drosophila testis cells and is required for normal spermatogenesis.
    Title: The 5'-3' exoribonuclease Pacman is required for normal male fertility and is dynamically localized in cytoplasmic particles in Drosophila testis cells.
  6. Pacman genetically interacts with puckered, a phosphatase that negatively regulates the JNK signalling pathway.
    Title: The 5'-3' exoribonuclease pacman is required for epithelial sheet sealing in Drosophila and genetically interacts with the phosphatase puckered.
  7. Nonsense-mediated messenger RNA decay is initiated by endonucleolytic cleavage: the resulting 5' fragment is rapidly degraded by exonucleolytic digestion by the exosome, whereas the 3' fragment is degraded by XRN1
    Title: Nonsense-mediated messenger RNA decay is initiated by endonucleolytic cleavage in Drosophila.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction
Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables 5'-3' RNA exonuclease activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables 5'-3' exonuclease activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables RNA binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables catalytic activity, acting on RNA IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables exonuclease activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables nuclease activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables nucleic acid binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in deadenylation-dependent decapping of nuclear-transcribed mRNA NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in dorsal closure IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in imaginal disc fusion, thorax closure IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in mRNA catabolic process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of apoptotic process IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of gene expression IGI
Inferred from Genetic Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, non-stop decay IGI
Inferred from Genetic Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, non-stop decay IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of imaginal disc growth IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in rRNA catabolic process IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in regulation of cytoplasmic mRNA processing body assembly IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in regulatory ncRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in spermatogenesis IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in wound healing IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
is_active_in P-body IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in cytoplasm IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in neuronal cell body IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in neuronal ribonucleoprotein granule IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
is_active_in nucleus IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in nucleus IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Preferred Names
pacman
Names
CG3291-PA
CG3291-PB
pcm-PA
pcm-PB
ribonuclease 1
NP_001162796.1
NP_523408.2

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_004354.4 Reference assembly

    Range
    19485759..19492011 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001169325.2 → NP_001162796.1  pacman, isoform B

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001162796.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    E1JJR3, Q9XZU2
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    COG5049
    Location:1 → 843
    XRN1; 5'-3' exonuclease [Replication, recombination and repair]
    pfam03159
    Location:1 → 225
    XRN_N; XRN 5'-3' exonuclease N-terminus

  2. NM_078684.4 → NP_523408.2  pacman, isoform A

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_523408.2

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q7K4U5, Q9VWI1, Q9XZU2
    Related
    FBpp0074553
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    COG5049
    Location:1 → 843
    XRN1; 5'-3' exonuclease [Replication, recombination and repair]
    pfam03159
    Location:1 → 225
    XRN_N; XRN 5'-3' exonuclease N-terminus
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
E1JJR3 E1JJR3
Q9VWI1 Q9VWI1
Q9XZU2 Q9XZU2

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