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Sh Shaker [ Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) ]

Gene ID: 32780, updated on 10-Feb-2026
Official Symbol
Shprovided by FlyBase
Official Full Name
Shakerprovided by FlyBase
Primary source
FLYBASE:FBgn0003380
Locus tag
Dmel_CG12348
See related
AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0003380
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Drosophila melanogaster
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
Also known as
BcDNA:GH03046; CG12348; CG17860; CG7640; Dmel\CG12348; Eko; EKO; F-c; Kv1; K[[v]]1; minisleep; mns; sh; SH; sha; Sha; Shw; V-I
Summary
Enables voltage-gated monoatomic cation channel activity. Involved in several processes, including mating behavior, sex discrimination; proboscis extension reflex; and regulation of synaptic activity. Located in membrane. Part of voltage-gated potassium channel complex. Is expressed in several structures, including adult antennal nerve; adult head; adult somatic muscle cell; mushroom body; and synaptic neuropil domain. Used to study epilepsy and episodic ataxia type 1. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 32; episodic ataxia type 1; familial atrial fibrillation; and pulmonary hypertension. Orthologous to several human genes including KCNA3 (potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 3). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jul 2025]
Orthologs
all
Try the new Gene page
Try the new Transcripts and proteins table
Location:
16F3-16F6; 1-59 cM
Exon count:
28
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
Release 6.54 current Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4) X NC_004354.4 (17924307..18063247, complement)
Release 5.57 previous assembly Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2) X NC_004354.3 (17818340..17957278, complement)

Chromosome X - NC_004354.4Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene uncharacterized protein Neighboring gene Vacuolar protein sorting 4 Neighboring gene uncharacterized protein Neighboring gene uncharacterized protein Neighboring gene uncharacterized protein Neighboring gene Dynein heavy chain at 16F Neighboring gene uncharacterized protein Neighboring gene transcriptional Adaptor 3

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Related articles in PubMed

  1. A strongly interacting pair of residues on the contact surface of charybdotoxin and a Shaker K+ channel. Naranjo D, et al. Neuron, 1996 Jan. PMID 8562075
  2. A characterization of the activating structural rearrangements in voltage-dependent Shaker K+ channels. McCormack K, et al. Neuron, 1994 Feb. PMID 8110460
  3. S4 mutations alter gating currents of Shaker K channels. Perozo E, et al. Biophys J, 1994 Feb. PMID 8161688, Free PMC Article
  4. Regulation of Shaker K+ channel inactivation gating by the cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Drain P, et al. Neuron, 1994 May. PMID 8185946
  5. Slow and incomplete inactivations of voltage-gated channels dominate encoding in synthetic neurons. Hsu H, et al. Biophys J, 1993 Sep. PMID 8241400, Free PMC Article

See all (703) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. The voltage-gated potassium channel Shaker promotes sleep via thermosensitive GABA transmission.
    Title: The voltage-gated potassium channel Shaker promotes sleep via thermosensitive GABA transmission.
  2. Molecular and cellular correlates in Kv channel clustering: entropy-based regulation of cluster ion channel density.
    Title: Molecular and cellular correlates in Kv channel clustering: entropy-based regulation of cluster ion channel density.
  3. S4-S5 linker movement during activation and inactivation in voltage-gated K(+) channels.
    Title: S4-S5 linker movement during activation and inactivation in voltage-gated K(+) channels.
  4. Authors provide evidence that in the Drosophila Shaker voltage-gated K(+) channels the S3 domain acts as an extracellular hydrophobic 'stabilizer' for the S4 domain biasing the gating chemical equilibrium toward the open state.
    Title: Energetic role of the paddle motif in voltage gating of Shaker K(+) channels.
  5. This study demonstrates that Shaker is not always a good model for Kv1 channels for ligand binding.
    Title: Why the Drosophila Shaker K+ channel is not a good model for ligand binding to voltage-gated Kv1 channels.
  6. The xenon requirement in Drosophila melanogaster is not influenced by a single gene mutation at the shaker locus, whereas a reduced expression of a nonselective cation channel leads to an increased xenon requirement.
    Title: The shaker potassium channel is no target for xenon anesthesia in short-sleeping Drosophila melanogaster mutants.
  7. Data show several strong Cysteine-Cadmium-Cysteine bridges in Shaker potassium channel.
    Title: Tracking a complete voltage-sensor cycle with metal-ion bridges.
  8. Synaptic transmission at the larval neuromuscular junction and the transient Shaker potassium current IA in larval muscles have been characterized.
    Title: Modulation of the frequency response of Shaker potassium channels by the quiver peptide suggesting a novel extracellular interaction mechanism.
  9. synaptic strength and synaptic strength at neuromuscular junctions along the dorsal-ventral differentials at physiological Ca(2+) levels were not significantly altered in slowpoke (slo) and Shaker (Sh) mutants
    Title: Pre- and post-synaptic mechanisms of synaptic strength homeostasis revealed by slowpoke and shaker K+ channel mutations in Drosophila.
  10. allosteric communication across disparate regions of the channel protein and between evolved and regulated amino acid changes introduced by RNA editing.
    Title: Regulated RNA editing and functional epistasis in Shaker potassium channels.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (20)
Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

Markers

Homology

mobile_element

  • Loc: c18031365-18031261 mobile_element_type = transposon:INE-1{}4898

Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables delayed rectifier potassium channel activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables monoatomic ion channel activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables potassium channel activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables voltage-gated monoatomic cation channel activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables voltage-gated potassium channel activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables voltage-gated potassium channel activity TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in action potential IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in action potential IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in axon extension IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in behavioral response to ether NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in cellular response to dopamine IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in courtship behavior NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in courtship behavior TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in detection of visible light IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in larval locomotory behavior IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in learning or memory NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in mating behavior, sex discrimination IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in monoatomic ion transmembrane transport IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in monoatomic ion transport IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of membrane potential IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in potassium ion transmembrane transport IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in potassium ion transmembrane transport IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in potassium ion transport IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in potassium ion transport TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in proboscis extension reflex IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in protein homooligomerization IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in regulation of synaptic activity IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in sensory perception of taste NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in sleep IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in sleep IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in transmembrane transport IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
is_active_in membrane IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in membrane IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in membrane IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in membrane raft IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
part_of monoatomic ion channel complex IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in neuron projection IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in perikaryon IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in plasma membrane IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
part_of voltage-gated potassium channel complex IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
part_of voltage-gated potassium channel complex IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
part_of voltage-gated potassium channel complex IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
part_of voltage-gated potassium channel complex TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
Preferred Names
shaker
Names
CG12348-PA
CG12348-PB
CG12348-PC
CG12348-PD
CG12348-PE
CG12348-PF
CG12348-PH
CG12348-PI
CG12348-PJ
CG12348-PK
CG12348-PL
CG12348-PM
CG12348-PQ
CG12348-PS
CG12348-PT
CG12348-PU
CG12348-PV
F-c transcription unit
Sh-PA
Sh-PB
Sh-PC
Sh-PD
Sh-PE
Sh-PF
Sh-PH
Sh-PI
Sh-PJ
Sh-PK
Sh-PL
Sh-PM
Sh-PQ
Sh-PS
Sh-PT
Sh-PU
Sh-PV
Shaker-downheld
minisleep
NP_001259666.2
  • non-AUG (AUU) translation initiation

NEW Try the new Transcript table

Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_004354.4 Reference assembly

    Range
    17924307..18063247 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_078669.5 → NP_523393.3  shaker, isoform B

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_523393.3

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P08510
    Related
    FBpp0088600
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cl38908
    Location:97 → 223
    BTB_POZ; BTB (Broad-Complex, Tramtrack and Bric a brac)/POZ (poxvirus and zinc finger) domain superfamily
    pfam00520
    Location:226 → 488
    Ion_trans; Ion transport protein

  2. NM_001272737.1 → NP_001259666.2  shaker, isoform S

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    M9PHG6
    Conserved Domains (4) summary
    smart00225
    Location:87 → 170
    BTB; Broad-Complex, Tramtrack and Bric a brac
    pfam00520
    Location:262 → 476
    Ion_trans; Ion transport protein
    pfam02214
    Location:87 → 175
    BTB_2; BTB/POZ domain
    pfam07885
    Location:391 → 467
    Ion_trans_2; Ion channel

  3. NM_167592.4 → NP_728120.1  shaker, isoform D

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_728120.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P08510
    Related
    FBpp0088602
    Conserved Domains (4) summary
    smart00225
    Location:54 → 137
    BTB; Broad-Complex, Tramtrack and Bric a brac
    pfam00520
    Location:229 → 443
    Ion_trans; Ion transport protein
    pfam02214
    Location:54 → 142
    BTB_2; BTB/POZ domain
    pfam07885
    Location:358 → 434
    Ion_trans_2; Ion channel

  4. NM_001414058.1 → NP_001401061.1  shaker, isoform U

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0ACD4DAU0

  5. NM_001272736.2 → NP_001259665.2  shaker, isoform Q

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P08510
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cl38908
    Location:97 → 223
    BTB_POZ; BTB (Broad-Complex, Tramtrack and Bric a brac)/POZ (poxvirus and zinc finger) domain superfamily
    pfam00520
    Location:226 → 488
    Ion_trans; Ion transport protein

  6. NM_167594.4 → NP_728122.1  shaker, isoform C

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_728122.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P08510
    Related
    FBpp0088603
    Conserved Domains (4) summary
    smart00225
    Location:87 → 170
    BTB; Broad-Complex, Tramtrack and Bric a brac
    pfam00520
    Location:262 → 476
    Ion_trans; Ion transport protein
    pfam02214
    Location:87 → 175
    BTB_2; BTB/POZ domain
    pfam07885
    Location:391 → 467
    Ion_trans_2; Ion channel

  7. NM_001201739.2 → NP_001188668.1  shaker, isoform I

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001188668.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P08510
    Conserved Domains (4) summary
    smart00225
    Location:87 → 170
    BTB; Broad-Complex, Tramtrack and Bric a brac
    pfam00520
    Location:262 → 476
    Ion_trans; Ion transport protein
    pfam02214
    Location:87 → 175
    BTB_2; BTB/POZ domain
    pfam07885
    Location:391 → 467
    Ion_trans_2; Ion channel

  8. NM_206775.5 → NP_996498.2  shaker, isoform J

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_996498.2

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P08510
    Conserved Domains (4) summary
    smart00225
    Location:87 → 170
    BTB; Broad-Complex, Tramtrack and Bric a brac
    pfam00520
    Location:262 → 476
    Ion_trans; Ion transport protein
    pfam02214
    Location:87 → 175
    BTB_2; BTB/POZ domain
    pfam07885
    Location:391 → 467
    Ion_trans_2; Ion channel

  9. NM_001258798.2 → NP_001245727.1  shaker, isoform L

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001245727.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P08510
    Conserved Domains (4) summary
    smart00225
    Location:87 → 170
    BTB; Broad-Complex, Tramtrack and Bric a brac
    pfam00520
    Location:262 → 476
    Ion_trans; Ion transport protein
    pfam02214
    Location:87 → 175
    BTB_2; BTB/POZ domain
    pfam07885
    Location:391 → 467
    Ion_trans_2; Ion channel

  10. NM_001414059.1 → NP_001401062.1  shaker, isoform V

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0ACD4DAT4

  11. NM_167595.4 → NP_728123.1  shaker, isoform E

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_728123.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A4V4Q2, B6IDJ2, M9MSC0, M9NEM4, M9PF21, P08510, P08511, P08512, P08513, Q24277, Q24521, Q7KUW5, Q8IQY9, Q8MT41, Q9VWZ5, Q9VWZ9, Q9VX00
    Related
    FBpp0088599
    Conserved Domains (4) summary
    smart00225
    Location:99 → 182
    BTB; Broad-Complex, Tramtrack and Bric a brac
    pfam00520
    Location:274 → 488
    Ion_trans; Ion transport protein
    pfam02214
    Location:99 → 187
    BTB_2; BTB/POZ domain
    pfam07885
    Location:403 → 479
    Ion_trans_2; Ion channel

  12. NM_001316640.1 → NP_001303569.1  shaker, isoform T

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A0S0X7Z4
    Conserved Domains (4) summary
    smart00225
    Location:99 → 182
    BTB; Broad-Complex, Tramtrack and Bric a brac
    pfam00520
    Location:274 → 488
    Ion_trans; Ion transport protein
    pfam02214
    Location:99 → 187
    BTB_2; BTB/POZ domain
    pfam07885
    Location:403 → 479
    Ion_trans_2; Ion channel

  13. NM_167596.5 → NP_728124.1  shaker, isoform A

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_728124.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    D5SHU7, E1JJQ5
    Related
    FBpp0088601
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    smart00225
    Location:54 → 137
    BTB; Broad-Complex, Tramtrack and Bric a brac
    pfam00520
    Location:229 → 283
    Ion_trans; Ion transport protein
    pfam02214
    Location:54 → 142
    BTB_2; BTB/POZ domain

  14. NM_001272735.3 → NP_001259664.1  shaker, isoform M

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001259664.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    D5SHU7, M9PJQ4
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cl38908
    Location:85 → 211
    BTB_POZ; BTB (Broad-Complex, Tramtrack and Bric a brac)/POZ (poxvirus and zinc finger) domain superfamily
    pfam00520
    Location:214 → 316
    Ion_trans; Ion transport protein

  15. NM_001169317.1 → NP_001162788.1  shaker, isoform H

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001162788.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    D5SHU7, E1JJQ5
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    smart00225
    Location:54 → 137
    BTB; Broad-Complex, Tramtrack and Bric a brac
    pfam00520
    Location:229 → 283
    Ion_trans; Ion transport protein
    pfam02214
    Location:54 → 142
    BTB_2; BTB/POZ domain

  16. NM_001258797.1 → NP_001245726.1  shaker, isoform K

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001245726.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    D5SHU7, M9NGK2
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cl38908
    Location:45 → 171
    BTB_POZ; BTB (Broad-Complex, Tramtrack and Bric a brac)/POZ (poxvirus and zinc finger) domain superfamily
    pfam00520
    Location:174 → 276
    Ion_trans; Ion transport protein

  17. NM_206774.2 → NP_996497.1  shaker, isoform F

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_996497.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    D5SHU7
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cl38908
    Location:97 → 223
    BTB_POZ; BTB (Broad-Complex, Tramtrack and Bric a brac)/POZ (poxvirus and zinc finger) domain superfamily
    pfam00520
    Location:226 → 328
    Ion_trans; Ion transport protein
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
A0A0S0X7Z4 A0A0S0X7Z4
E1JJQ5 E1JJQ5
M9NGK2 M9NGK2
M9PHG6 M9PHG6
M9PJQ4 M9PJQ4
P08510.3 P08510
Q95SS6 Q95SS6

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