Gal galanin and GMAP prepropeptide [Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Galprovided by RGD
Official Full Name: galanin and GMAP prepropeptideprovided by RGD
Primary source: RGD:61954
See related: Ensembl:ENSRNOG00000015156 AllianceGenome:RGD:61954
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: PROVISIONAL
Organism: Rattus norvegicus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
Also known as: Galn
Summary: Predicted to enable galanin receptor activity; galanin receptor binding activity; and neuropeptide hormone activity. Involved in several processes, including regulation of glucocorticoid metabolic process; response to estrogen; and response to insulin. Located in secretory granule. Biomarker of brain ischemia; hypertension; mononeuropathy; and type 1 diabetes mellitus. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in familial temporal lobe epilepsy 8 and opiate dependence. Orthologous to human GAL (galanin and GMAP prepropeptide). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2025]
Expression: Biased expression in Brain (RPKM 22.3), Thymus (RPKM 4.1) and 2 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 1q42

Exon count:: 6

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1)	1	NC_086019.1 (210079709..210084572, complement)
RS_2023_06	previous assembly	mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2)	1	NC_051336.1 (200650439..200655302, complement)
106	previous assembly	Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5)	1	NC_005100.4 (218653059..218657922, complement)

Chromosome 1 - NC_086019.1 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
BioProject: PRJNA238328
Publication: PMID 24510058
Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Novel Role of miR-18a-5p and Galanin in Rat Lung Ischemia Reperfusion-Mediated Response.
Title: Novel Role of miR-18a-5p and Galanin in Rat Lung Ischemia Reperfusion-Mediated Response.
UVB irradiation induces contralateral changes in galanin, substance P and c-fos immunoreactivity in rat dorsal root ganglia, dorsal horn and lateral spinal nucleus.
Title: UVB irradiation induces contralateral changes in galanin, substance P and c-fos immunoreactivity in rat dorsal root ganglia, dorsal horn and lateral spinal nucleus.
Galanin and neuropeptide Y interactions elicit antidepressant activity linked to neuronal precursor cells of the dentate gyrus in the ventral hippocampus.
Title: Galanin and neuropeptide Y interactions elicit antidepressant activity linked to neuronal precursor cells of the dentate gyrus in the ventral hippocampus.
Involvement of galanin and galanin receptor 1 in nociceptive modulation in the central nucleus of amygdala in normal and neuropathic rats.
Title: Involvement of galanin and galanin receptor 1 in nociceptive modulation in the central nucleus of amygdala in normal and neuropathic rats.
Both the galanin and galanin receptor 2 mRNA expression and content increased significantly in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in rats with mononeuropathy than that in normal rats.
Title: Involvement of galanin and galanin receptor 2 in nociceptive modulation in anterior cingulate cortex of normal rats and rats with mononeuropathy.
PG early treatment prevented Y1R upregulation and resulted in lower NPY, Y2R and GalR1 mRNA levels. In the chronic phase, injured rats showed well-established mechanical and cold allodynia and significant increases in galanin, NPY, GalR1 and Y1R mRNAs, while maintaining reduced GalR2 expression. Animals receiving PG treatment showed basal expression levels of galanin, NPY, GalR1 and Y1R, and reduced Y2R mRNA levels
Title: Spinal neuropeptide expression and neuropathic behavior in the acute and chronic phases after spinal cord injury: Effects of progesterone administration.
UVB irradiation induced a significant reduction of the proportion of galanin positive DRG neurons for all time points, except at 12h.UVB irradiation induced increased substance P immunoreactivity in the dorsal part of the spinal cord 48h after irradiation. UVB irradiation also induced c-fos immunoreactivity in the dorsal horn and the area around the central canal 24 and 48h after exposure
Title: UVB irradiation induces rapid changes in galanin, substance P and c-fos immunoreactivity in rat dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord.
Galanin neurons in the preoptic area of mother rats are innervated by an excitatory neuronal pathway that conveys suckling-related information. In turn, they can be topographically and neurochemically divided into two distinct cell groups, of which only one is affected by prolactin.
Title: Maternally involved galanin neurons in the preoptic area of the rat.
The differential regulation (dysregulation) of the neuropeptide Gal in brain tissues may contribute to anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder development.
Title: Changes in Galanin Systems in a Rat Model of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).
The results of this study suggest that phosphorylation of Akt2 mediates the beneficial effects of galanin on insulin-induced glucose uptake in the adipocytes of diabetic rats.
Title: Akt2-Dependent Beneficial Effect of Galanin on Insulin-Induced Glucose Uptake in Adipocytes of Diabetic Rats.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (82)

General gene information

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Markers

RH137044 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:219133

RH140913 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:219133

Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables G protein-coupled receptor binding	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
enables galanin receptor activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables galanin receptor activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables galanin receptor activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables galanin receptor binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables hormone activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables neuropeptide hormone activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables neuropeptide hormone activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables neuropeptide hormone activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables neuropeptide hormone activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables type 1 galanin receptor binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables type 1 galanin receptor binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables type 1 galanin receptor binding	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables type 2 galanin receptor binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables type 2 galanin receptor binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables type 2 galanin receptor binding	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables type 3 galanin receptor binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables type 3 galanin receptor binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables type 3 galanin receptor binding	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in behavioral response to ethanol	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in drinking behavior	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in feeding behavior	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in locomotory behavior	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of cell population proliferation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of lymphocyte proliferation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of somatostatin secretion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within nervous system development	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in neuropeptide signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in neuropeptide signaling pathway	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within neuropeptide signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in neuropeptide signaling pathway	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within parental behavior	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of apoptotic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of cortisol secretion	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of cortisol secretion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of somatostatin secretion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of timing of catagen	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of timing of catagen	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in protein kinase A signaling	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in protein kinase A signaling	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of glucocorticoid metabolic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of immune response	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in response to estrogen	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to immobilization stress	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to insulin	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to peptide	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in response to xenobiotic stimulus	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in extracellular region	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
is_active_in extracellular space	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in extracellular space	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in extracellular space	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in neuronal cell body	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in neuronal cell body	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in secretory granule	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in secretory granule	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: galanin peptides

Names: galanin prepropeptide; galanin/GMAP prepropeptide

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_033237.1 → NP_150240.1 galanin peptides preproprotein

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_150240.1

Status: PROVISIONAL

Source sequence(s)

J03624

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P10683

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A6HYK9

Related

ENSRNOP00000020425.4, ENSRNOT00000020425.7

Conserved Domains (3) summary

smart00071
Location:21 → 124

Galanin; Galanin

pfam01296
Location:33 → 60

Galanin; Galanin

pfam06540
Location:62 → 120

GMAP; Galanin message associated peptide (GMAP)