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GPX2 glutathione peroxidase 2 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 2877, updated on 27-Nov-2024

Summary

Official Symbol
GPX2provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
glutathione peroxidase 2provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:4554
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000176153 MIM:138319; AllianceGenome:HGNC:4554
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
GPRP; GPx-2; GI-GPx; GPRP-2; GPx-GI; GSHPx-2; GSHPX-GI
Summary
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the glutathione peroxidase family, members of which catalyze the reduction of organic hydroperoxides and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by glutathione, and thereby protect cells against oxidative damage. Several isozymes of this gene family exist in vertebrates, which vary in cellular location and substrate specificity. This isozyme is predominantly expressed in the gastrointestinal tract (also in liver in human), is localized in the cytoplasm, and whose preferred substrate is hydrogen peroxide. Overexpression of this gene is associated with increased differentiation and proliferation in colorectal cancer. This isozyme is also a selenoprotein, containing the rare amino acid selenocysteine (Sec) at its active site. Sec is encoded by the UGA codon, which normally signals translation termination. The 3' UTRs of selenoprotein mRNAs contain a conserved stem-loop structure, designated the Sec insertion sequence (SECIS) element, that is necessary for the recognition of UGA as a Sec codon, rather than as a stop signal. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]
Expression
Biased expression in gall bladder (RPKM 164.4), stomach (RPKM 114.6) and 8 other tissues See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

See GPX2 in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
14q23.3
Exon count:
4
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 14 NC_000014.9 (64939158..64942745, complement)
RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 14 NC_060938.1 (59144027..59147614, complement)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 14 NC_000014.8 (65405876..65409463, complement)

Chromosome 14 - NC_000014.9Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8537 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8538 Neighboring gene CHURC1-FNTB readthrough Neighboring gene ribonuclease P RNA component H1, 2 pseudogene Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak2167 silencer Neighboring gene churchill domain containing 1 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8539 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:65421611-65422488 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:65426829-65427347 Neighboring gene RAB15, member RAS oncogene family Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 5845 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:65441391-65442168 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:65448241-65448742 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC107984655 Neighboring gene farnesyltransferase, CAAX box, subunit beta

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

Expression

  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

HIV-1 interactions

Protein interactions

Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
Tat tat GPX2 is downregulated in HIV-1 Tat and NC cotransfection of HEK 293T cells PubMed
tat HIV-1 Tat causes a greater than 50% decrease in intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH), leading to the extracellular appearance of acidic FGF-1, an effect that is partially mediated through modulation of GSH biosynthetic enzymes PubMed
tat Expression of HIV-1 Tat in HeLa cells downregulates cytoplasmic glutathione peroxidase while upregulating phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase, thereby deregulating intracellular oxidant/antioxidant balance and amplifying UV sensitivity PubMed
nucleocapsid gag Glutathione peroxidase 2 (GPX2) is downregulated in HIV-1 Tat and NC cotransfection of HEK 293T cells PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Pathways from PubChem

Interactions

Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

Markers

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables electron transfer activity TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
PubMed 
enables glutathione peroxidase activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
enables glutathione peroxidase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
enables phospholipid-hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in cellular oxidant detoxification IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in response to oxidative stress IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in cytoplasm TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
PubMed 
located_in cytosol IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
located_in cytosol TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 
located_in intercellular bridge IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 
located_in mitotic spindle IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 

General protein information

Preferred Names
glutathione peroxidase 2
Names
gastrointestinal glutathione peroxidase
glutathione peroxidase 2 (gastrointestinal)
glutathione peroxidase-related protein 2
phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase GPX2
selenoprotein GPX2
NP_002074.2

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_002083.4NP_002074.2  glutathione peroxidase 2

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_002074.2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the protein-coding transcript.
    Source sequence(s)
    BC022820, BG429974
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS41964.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P18283, Q6PJ52, Q8WWI7, Q9NRP9
    Related
    ENSP00000374265.5, ENST00000389614.6
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd00340
    Location:7182
    GSH_Peroxidase; Glutathione (GSH) peroxidase family; tetrameric selenoenzymes that catalyze the reduction of a variety of hydroperoxides including lipid peroxidases, using GSH as a specific electron donor substrate. GSH peroxidase contains one selenocysteine residue per ...

RNA

  1. NR_046320.2 RNA Sequence

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) contains an additional internal exon compared to variant 1. This variant is represented as non-coding because the use of the 5'-most supported translation start codon, as used in variant 1, renders the transcript a candidate for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD).
    Source sequence(s)
    AK225871, BC022820
    Related
    ENST00000553522.1
  2. NR_046321.2 RNA Sequence

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (3) contains an additional internal exon compared to variant 1. This variant is represented as non-coding because the use of the 5'-most supported translation start codon, as used in variant 1, renders the transcript a candidate for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD).
    Source sequence(s)
    AK225871, AL139022, BC022820, BF207526
  3. NR_138078.2 RNA Sequence

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (4) contains an additional internal exon compared to variant 1. This variant is represented as non-coding because the use of the 5'-most supported translation start codon, as used in variant 1, renders the transcript a candidate for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD).
    Source sequence(s)
    AA135289, BC022820, BF207526, BF759921, BG429974, BI015236

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000014.9 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    64939158..64942745 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060938.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    59144027..59147614 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)