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TRAC T cell receptor alpha constant [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 28755, updated on 17-Sep-2024

Summary

Official Symbol
TRACprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name
T cell receptor alpha constantprovided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:12029
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000277734 IMGT/GENE-DB:TRAC; MIM:186880; AllianceGenome:HGNC:12029
Gene type
other
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
TRA; IMD7; TCRA; TRCA
Summary
T cell receptors recognize foreign antigens which have been processed as small peptides and bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules at the surface of antigen presenting cells (APC). Each T cell receptor is a dimer consisting of one alpha and one beta chain or one delta and one gamma chain. In a single cell, the T cell receptor loci are rearranged and expressed in the order delta, gamma, beta, and alpha. If both delta and gamma rearrangements produce functional chains, the cell expresses delta and gamma. If not, the cell proceeds to rearrange the beta and alpha loci. This region represents the germline organization of the T cell receptor alpha and delta loci. Both the alpha and delta loci include V (variable), J (joining), and C (constant) segments and the delta locus also includes diversity (D) segments. The delta locus is situated within the alpha locus, between the alpha V and J segments. During T cell development, the delta chain is synthesized by a recombination event at the DNA level joining a D segment with a J segment; a V segment is then joined to the D-J gene. The alpha chain is synthesized by recombination joining a single V segment with a J segment. For both chains, the C segment is later joined by splicing at the RNA level. Recombination of many different V segments with several J segments provides a wide range of antigen recognition. Additional diversity is attained by junctional diversity, resulting from the random additional of nucleotides by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase. Five variable segments can be used in either alpha or delta chains and are described by TRAV/DV symbols. Several V and J segments of the alpha locus are known to be incapable of encoding a protein and are considered pseudogenes. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2016]
Annotation information
Annotation category: partial on reference assembly
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Genomic context

See TRAC in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
14q11.2
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 14 NC_000014.9 (22547506..22552132)
RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 14 NC_060938.1 (16745254..16749884)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 14 NC_000014.8 (23016447..23021075)

Chromosome 14 - NC_000014.9Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene T cell receptor alpha locus Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8127 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8128 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8129 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8130 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8131 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8134 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8132 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8133 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105370399 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 5586 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8135 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:23039191-23039913 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr14:23049159-23049321 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:23051199-23051700 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:23057127-23057768 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:23057769-23058410 Neighboring gene long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 2332 Neighboring gene T cell receptor alpha joining 2 (non-functional) Neighboring gene T cell receptor alpha joining 1 (non-functional) Neighboring gene defender against cell death 1

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

Bibliography

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Pathways from PubChem

Interactions

Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

Markers

Clone Names

  • FLJ59634

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in T cell receptor signaling pathway NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
PubMed 
involved_in adaptive immune response NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
PubMed 
involved_in alpha-beta T cell activation NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
PubMed 
involved_in response to bacterium IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
part_of alpha-beta T cell receptor complex IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
PubMed 
part_of alpha-beta T cell receptor complex ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
located_in plasma membrane IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
located_in plasma membrane ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
located_in plasma membrane TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

  1. NG_001332.3 

    Range
    925603..930229
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000014.9 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    22547506..22552132
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060938.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    16745254..16749884
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)