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GPR21 G protein-coupled receptor 21 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 2844, updated on 10-Dec-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
GPR21provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
G protein-coupled receptor 21provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:4476
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000188394 MIM:601909; AllianceGenome:HGNC:4476
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Summary
This gene encodes a member of the G-protein-coupled receptor 1 family. G-protein coupled receptors are membrane proteins which activate signaling cascades as a response to extracellular stress. The encoded protein activates a Gq signal transduction pathway which mobilizes calcium. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012]
Expression
Low expression observed in reference dataset See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

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See GPR21 in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
9q33.2
Exon count:
2
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 9 NC_000009.12 (123033667..123049103)
RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 9 NC_060933.1 (135230916..135239991)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 9 NC_000009.11 (125795946..125797944)

Chromosome 9 - NC_000009.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene RAB GTPase activating protein 1 Neighboring gene RNY1 pseudogene 15 Neighboring gene ribosomal protein S25 pseudogene 8 Neighboring gene COP9 signalosome subunit 2 pseudogene Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr9:125834601-125835274 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 8358 Neighboring gene MIR600 host gene Neighboring gene microRNA 600 Neighboring gene spermatid perinuclear RNA binding protein

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Cryo-EM structures of orphan GPR21 signaling complexes. Lin X, et al. Nat Commun, 2023 Jan 13. PMID 36639690, Free PMC Article
  2. G protein-coupled receptor 21 in macrophages: An in vitro study. Bordano V, et al. Eur J Pharmacol, 2022 Jul 5. PMID 35537492
  3. Identification of signal transduction pathways used by orphan g protein-coupled receptors. Bresnick JN, et al. Assay Drug Dev Technol, 2003 Apr. PMID 15090189
  4. Deletion of GPR21 improves glucose homeostasis and inhibits the CCL2-CCR2 axis by divergent mechanisms. Riddy DM, et al. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care, 2021 Nov. PMID 34782333, Free PMC Article
  5. Regulating the effects of GPR21, a novel target for type 2 diabetes. Leonard S, et al. Sci Rep, 2016 May 31. PMID 27243589, Free PMC Article

See all (13) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Cryo-EM structures of orphan GPR21 signaling complexes.
    Title: Cryo-EM structures of orphan GPR21 signaling complexes.
  2. G protein-coupled receptor 21 in macrophages: An in vitro study.
    Title: G protein-coupled receptor 21 in macrophages: An in vitro study.
  3. Deletion of GPR21 improves glucose homeostasis and inhibits the CCL2-CCR2 axis by divergent mechanisms.
    Title: Deletion of GPR21 improves glucose homeostasis and inhibits the CCL2-CCR2 axis by divergent mechanisms.
  4. GPR21 is up-regulated in type 2 diabetes.
    Title: Regulating the effects of GPR21, a novel target for type 2 diabetes.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables G protein-coupled receptor activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in glucose homeostasis IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in insulin receptor signaling pathway IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of multicellular organism growth IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
is_active_in plasma membrane IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  

General protein information

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Preferred Names
probable G-protein coupled receptor 21

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_005294.3 → NP_005285.1  probable G-protein coupled receptor 21

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_005285.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AK299686, BC066885, DA792401, DN989991
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS6849.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B2R8W9, Q6NXU2, Q99679
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    H9NIL4, Q6NWM5
    Related
    ENSP00000482287.1, ENST00000616002.3
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd00637
    Location:31 → 308
    7tm_classA_rhodopsin-like; rhodopsin receptor-like class A family of the seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor superfamily

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000009.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    123033667..123049103
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_005251933.5 → XP_005251990.1  probable G-protein coupled receptor 21 isoform X1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_005251990.1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B2R8W9, Q6NXU2, Q99679
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    H9NIL4, Q6NWM5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd00637
    Location:31 → 308
    7tm_classA_rhodopsin-like; rhodopsin receptor-like class A family of the seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor superfamily

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060933.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    135230916..135239991
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_054362762.1 → XP_054218737.1  probable G-protein coupled receptor 21 isoform X1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B2R8W9, Q6NXU2, Q99679
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    H9NIL4, Q6NWM5
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q99679.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q99679

Gene LinkOut

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Chemical Information
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