GNA15 G protein subunit alpha 15 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: GNA15provided by HGNC
Official Full Name: G protein subunit alpha 15provided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:4383
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000060558 MIM:139314; AllianceGenome:HGNC:4383
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: HG1L; GNA16
Summary: Enables G protein-coupled receptor binding activity. Acts upstream of or within with a positive effect on calcium-mediated signaling. Predicted to be located in plasma membrane. Predicted to be part of heterotrimeric G-protein complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jul 2025]
Expression: Biased expression in esophagus (RPKM 28.1), bone marrow (RPKM 27.9) and 13 other tissues See more
Orthologs: all
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Genomic context

Location:: 19p13.3

Exon count:: 7

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2025_08	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	19	NC_000019.10 (3136033..3163749)
RS_2025_08	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	19	NC_060943.1 (3111823..3140075)
RS_2024_09	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	19	NC_000019.9 (3136031..3163747)

Chromosome 19 - NC_000019.10 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
BioProject: PRJNA270632
Publication: PMID 26076956
Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

GNA15 facilitates the malignant development of thyroid carcinoma cells via the BTK-mediated MAPK signaling pathway.
Title: GNA15 facilitates the malignant development of thyroid carcinoma cells via the BTK-mediated MAPK signaling pathway.
Exosomal miR-211-5p regulates glucose metabolism, pyroptosis, and immune microenvironment of melanoma through GNA15.
Title: Exosomal miR-211-5p regulates glucose metabolism, pyroptosis, and immune microenvironment of melanoma through GNA15.
GNA15 was not expressed in normal neuroendocrine cells but was overexpressed in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasia cell lines.
Title: GNA15 expression in small intestinal neuroendocrine neoplasia: functional and signalling pathway analyses.
Data indicate the importance of Galpha16 as a downstream effector of the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway and as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of non small cell lung cancer.
Title: Heterotrimeric G-protein, Gα16, is a critical downstream effector of non-canonical Wnt signaling and a potent inhibitor of transformed cell growth in non small cell lung cancer.
G15 ectopic presence could functionally contribute to the transformation process since siRNA-induced depletion of Galpha15 in pancreatic carcinoma cell lines dramatically inhibited anchorage-independent growth and resistance to the lack of nutrients.
Title: Ectopic expression of the heterotrimeric G15 protein in pancreatic carcinoma and its potential in cancer signal transduction.
This review summarizes the specific features that distinguish Galpha15/GNA15 (G15 alpha subunit) from all other alpha subunits of the Gq class. G15 is a heterotrimeric G protein complex that is named after its alpha subunit.
Title: The puzzling uniqueness of the heterotrimeric G15 protein and its potential beyond hematopoiesis.
This paper shows how G alpha 15 and other Gq class members phosphorylate PKD in differing patterns
Title: Differential PKC-dependent and -independent PKD activation by G protein α subunits of the Gq family: selective stimulation of PKD Ser⁷⁴⁸ autophosphorylation by Gαq.
The paper describes G alpha 15 resistance to arrestin-desensitization making it differ from other heterotrimeric G proteins (Gq, Gs, Gi, G12/13 class)
Title: Heterotrimeric G proteins demonstrate differential sensitivity to beta-arrestin dependent desensitization.
beta3 region of Galpha16 is essential for interaction with TPR1 and the subsequent activation of Ras
Title: Gα16 interacts with tetratricopeptide repeat 1 (TPR1) through its β3 region to activate Ras independently of phospholipase Cβ signaling.
The ability of CCR1 to signal through Galpha(14/16) thus provides a linkage for chemokines to regulate NF-kappaB-dependent responses.
Title: CCR1-mediated activation of Nuclear Factor-kappaB in THP-1 monocytic cells involves Pertussis Toxin-insensitive Galpha(14) and Galpha(16) signaling cascades.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (16)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Association of genome-wide variation with the risk of incident heart failure in adults of European and African ancestry: a prospective meta-analysis from the cohorts for heart and aging research in genomic epidemiology (CHARGE) consortium. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed

Variation

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See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

D19S247 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:147759

RH11456 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:73849

G13205 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:60621

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables G protein-coupled receptor binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables G protein-coupled receptor binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables GTP binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables GTP binding	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
enables GTPase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables GTPase activity	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
enables guanyl nucleotide binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables metal ion binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables nucleotide binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within_positive_effect calcium-mediated signaling	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in signal transduction	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
part_of heterotrimeric G-protein complex	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
located_in plasma membrane	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
located_in synapse	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-15

Names: G-protein subunit alpha-16; epididymis secretory sperm binding protein; epididymis tissue protein Li 17E; g alpha-15; g alpha-16; guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha 15 (Gq class); guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-16; heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein 1L

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.