U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

GIPR gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 2696, updated on 19-May-2026
Official Symbol
GIPRprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name
gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptorprovided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:4271
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000010310 MIM:137241; AllianceGenome:HGNC:4271
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
VALIDATED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
PGQTL2
Summary
This gene encodes a G-protein coupled receptor for gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), which was originally identified as an activity in gut extracts that inhibited gastric acid secretion and gastrin release, but subsequently was demonstrated to stimulate insulin release in the presence of elevated glucose. Mice lacking this gene exhibit higher blood glucose levels with impaired initial insulin response after oral glucose load. Defect in this gene thus may contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetes. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]
Expression
Broad expression in stomach (RPKM 5.3), fat (RPKM 1.5) and 16 other tissues See more
Orthologs
all
Try the new Gene page
Try the new Transcripts and proteins table
See GIPR in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
19q13.32
Exon count:
13
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2025_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 19 NC_000019.10 (45668221..45683722)
RS_2025_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 19 NC_060943.1 (48495760..48511255)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 19 NC_000019.9 (46171479..46186980)

Chromosome 19 - NC_000019.10Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene EMAP like 2 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 14803 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:46145740-46146591 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 14807 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 14808 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:46148647-46149146 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 14809 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 10786 Neighboring gene EML2 antisense RNA 1 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:46150807-46151667 Neighboring gene RNA, 7SL, cytoplasmic 836, pseudogene Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 10787 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 14810 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:46173596-46174114 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:46174115-46174633 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 10790 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 10791 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 14811 Neighboring gene microRNA 642a Neighboring gene microRNA 642b Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 10792 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:46194747-46195467 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:46196081-46196631 Neighboring gene small nuclear ribonucleoprotein D2 polypeptide Neighboring gene glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase like

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

  • Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
  • Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
  • BioProject: PRJNA270632
  • Publication: PMID 26076956
  • Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

Related articles in PubMed

  1. Association of variants in gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor gene with impaired glucose homeostasis in obese children and adolescents from Berlin. Sauber J, et al. Eur J Endocrinol, 2010 Aug. PMID 20516203
  2. Internalization and desensitization of the human glucose-dependent-insulinotropic receptor is affected by N-terminal acetylation of the agonist. Ismail S, et al. Mol Cell Endocrinol, 2015 Oct 15. PMID 26225752
  3. GIPR Gene Polymorphism and Weight Gain in Patients With Schizophrenia Treated With Olanzapine. Ono S, et al. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci, 2015. PMID 25321336
  4. Disruption of GIP/GIPR axis in human adipose tissue is linked to obesity and insulin resistance. Ceperuelo-Mallafré V, et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2014 May. PMID 24512489
  5. A functional amino acid substitution in the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR) gene is associated with lower bone mineral density and increased fracture risk. Torekov SS, et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2014 Apr. PMID 24446656

See all (88) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Obesity Variants in the GIPR Gene Are not Associated With Risk of Fracture or Bone Mineral Density.
    Title: Obesity Variants in the GIPR Gene Are not Associated With Risk of Fracture or Bone Mineral Density.
  2. The Methylation Analysis of the Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide Receptor (GIPR) Locus in GH-Secreting Pituitary Adenomas.
    Title: The Methylation Analysis of the Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide Receptor (GIPR) Locus in GH-Secreting Pituitary Adenomas.
  3. Enhanced Endosomal Signaling and Desensitization of GLP-1R vs GIPR in Pancreatic Beta Cells.
    Title: Enhanced Endosomal Signaling and Desensitization of GLP-1R vs GIPR in Pancreatic Beta Cells.
  4. Association of gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor (GIPR) gene polymorphism with type 2 diabetes mellitus in iranian patients.
    Title: Association of gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor (GIPR) gene polymorphism with type 2 diabetes mellitus in iranian patients.
  5. Differential effects of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor/glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor heteromerization on cell signaling when expressed in HEK-293 cells.
    Title: Differential effects of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor/glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor heteromerization on cell signaling when expressed in HEK-293 cells.
  6. The Link between Three Single Nucleotide Variants of the GIPR Gene and Metabolic Health.
    Title: The Link between Three Single Nucleotide Variants of the GIPR Gene and Metabolic Health.
  7. GLP-1 and GIP receptor signaling in beta cells - A review of receptor interactions and co-stimulation.
    Title: GLP-1 and GIP receptor signaling in beta cells - A review of receptor interactions and co-stimulation.
  8. Genetically Predicted Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP) Levels and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Are Driven by Distinct Causal Variants in the GIPR Region.
    Title: Genetically Predicted Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP) Levels and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Are Driven by Distinct Causal Variants in the GIPR Region.
  9. Investigating GIPR (ant)agonism: A structural analysis of GIP and its receptor.
    Title: Investigating GIPR (ant)agonism: A structural analysis of GIP and its receptor.
  10. Targeting the GIPR for obesity: To agonize or antagonize? Potential mechanisms.
    Title: Targeting the GIPR for obesity: To agonize or antagonize? Potential mechanisms.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (57)

Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Association analyses of 249,796 individuals reveal 18 new loci associated with body mass index.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Common variants at CDKAL1 and KLF9 are associated with body mass index in east Asian populations.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Genetic variation in GIPR influences the glucose and insulin responses to an oral glucose challenge.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Genome-wide association for abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose reveals a novel locus for visceral fat in women.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies 11 new loci for anthropometric traits and provides insights into genetic architecture.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Genome-wide trans-ancestry meta-analysis provides insight into the genetic architecture of type 2 diabetes susceptibility.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Meta-analysis identifies common variants associated with body mass index in east Asians.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in East Asian-ancestry populations identifies four new loci for body mass index.
EBI GWAS Catalog

See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

Markers

Homology

Clone Names

  • MGC126722

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables G protein-coupled peptide receptor activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables G protein-coupled receptor activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables gastric inhibitory peptide receptor activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables gastric inhibitory peptide receptor activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables gastric inhibitory peptide receptor activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables glucagon family peptide binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables peptide hormone binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables peptide hormone binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables peptide hormone binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables transmembrane signaling receptor activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables transmembrane signaling receptor activity TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in activation of adenylate cyclase activity TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in cell surface receptor signaling pathway IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in cell surface receptor signaling pathway TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in desensitization of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in gastric inhibitory peptide signaling pathway IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in gastric inhibitory peptide signaling pathway IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in generation of precursor metabolites and energy TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of insulin secretion IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in regulation of insulin secretion TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in response to axon injury IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in response to calcium ion IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in response to fatty acid IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in response to glucose IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in response to nutrient TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in membrane IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in membrane TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
is_active_in plasma membrane IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
is_active_in plasma membrane IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in plasma membrane IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in plasma membrane TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
Preferred Names
gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor
Names
GIP-R
glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor

NEW Try the new Transcript table

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_000164.4 → NP_000155.1  gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor isoform 1 precursor

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_000155.1

    Status: VALIDATED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer transcript and encodes the longer isoform (1).
    Source sequence(s)
    AC006132, AC007191, BM129443, BU784011, U39231
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS12671.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B7WP14, B7ZKQ0, P48546, Q14401, Q16400, Q52M04, Q9UPI1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q4VBP1
    Related
    ENSP00000467494.1, ENST00000590918.6
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    smart00008
    Location:57 → 126
    HormR; Domain present in hormone receptors
    cd15929
    Location:134 → 409
    7tmB1_GlucagonR-like; glucagon receptor-like subfamily, member of the class B family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors

  2. NM_001308418.2 → NP_001295347.1  gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor isoform 2 precursor

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001295347.1

    Status: VALIDATED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an in-frame exon in the 5' coding region compared to variant 1. It encodes isoform 2, which is shorter than isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC006132, AC007191, BC143300, BM129443, BU784011, U39231
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS82367.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q4VBP1
    Related
    ENSP00000305321.8, ENST00000304207.12
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    pfam00002
    Location:98 → 352
    7tm_2; 7 transmembrane receptor (Secretin family)
    cl02422
    Location:49 → 90
    HRM; Hormone receptor domain

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2025_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000019.10 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    45668221..45683722
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_047438600.1 → XP_047294556.1  gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor isoform X3

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B7WP14, B7ZKQ0, P48546, Q14401, Q16400, Q52M04, Q9UPI1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q4VBP1
    Related
    ENSP00000623393.1, ENST00000953334.1

  2. XM_047438599.1 → XP_047294555.1  gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor isoform X2

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q4VBP1

  3. XM_011526710.3 → XP_011525012.1  gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor isoform X1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011525012.1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q4VBP1
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    pfam00002
    Location:134 → 430
    7tm_2; 7 transmembrane receptor (Secretin family)
    pfam02793
    Location:58 → 121
    HRM; Hormone receptor domain

  4. XM_011526709.3 → XP_011525011.1  gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor isoform X1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011525011.1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q4VBP1
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    pfam00002
    Location:134 → 430
    7tm_2; 7 transmembrane receptor (Secretin family)
    pfam02793
    Location:58 → 121
    HRM; Hormone receptor domain

  5. XM_011526713.3 → XP_011525015.1  gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor isoform X4

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q4VBP1
    Related
    ENSP00000623394.1, ENST00000953335.1
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    pfam02793
    Location:58 → 121
    HRM; Hormone receptor domain
    cl21561
    Location:132 → 347
    7tm_4; Olfactory receptor

  6. XM_047438601.1 → XP_047294557.1  gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor isoform X5

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q4VBP1

  7. XM_011526716.3 → XP_011525018.1  gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor isoform X7

    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    smart00008
    Location:57 → 126
    HormR; Domain present in hormone receptors
    cl21561
    Location:134 → 265
    7tm_4; Olfactory receptor

  8. XM_047438602.1 → XP_047294558.1  gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor isoform X8

  9. XM_047438603.1 → XP_047294559.1  gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor isoform X9

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    K7EPD9
    Related
    ENSP00000467342.1, ENST00000585889.1

  10. XM_011526715.3 → XP_011525017.1  gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor isoform X6

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011525017.1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A494C077
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam00002
    Location:1 → 291
    7tm_2; 7 transmembrane receptor (Secretin family)

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060943.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    48495760..48511255
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_054320524.1 → XP_054176499.1  gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor isoform X3

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q4VBP1

  2. XM_054320523.1 → XP_054176498.1  gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor isoform X2

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q4VBP1

  3. XM_054320521.1 → XP_054176496.1  gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor isoform X1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q4VBP1

  4. XM_054320520.1 → XP_054176495.1  gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor isoform X1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q4VBP1

  5. XM_054320525.1 → XP_054176500.1  gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor isoform X4

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q4VBP1

  6. XM_054320526.1 → XP_054176501.1  gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor isoform X5

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q4VBP1

  7. XM_054320528.1 → XP_054176503.1  gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor isoform X7

  8. XM_054320529.1 → XP_054176504.1  gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor isoform X8

  9. XM_054320530.1 → XP_054176505.1  gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor isoform X9

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    K7EPD9

  10. XM_054320522.1 → XP_054176497.1  gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor isoform X1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q4VBP1

  11. XM_054320527.1 → XP_054176502.1  gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor isoform X6

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A494C077
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
P48546.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P48546

Gene LinkOut

The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

Chemical Information
Molecular Biology Databases
Research Materials
Tools
Miscellaneous