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WWTR1 WW domain containing transcription regulator 1 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 25937, updated on 21-Dec-2025
Official Symbol
WWTR1provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
WW domain containing transcription regulator 1provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:24042
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000018408 MIM:607392; AllianceGenome:HGNC:24042
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
VALIDATED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
TAZ
Summary
Enables transcription coactivator activity. Involved in several processes, including intracellular signal transduction; negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway; and positive regulation of cell differentiation. Located in cytosol and nuclear body. Is active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jul 2025]
Annotation information
Note: TAZ (GeneID 6901) and WWTR1 (GeneID 25937) loci share the TAZ symbol/alias in common. TAZ is a widely used alternative name for the transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (WWTR1) conflicting with the official symbol for tafazzin (TAZ). [19 Jun 2012]
Expression
Ubiquitous expression in gall bladder (RPKM 24.8), endometrium (RPKM 22.7) and 24 other tissues See more
Orthologs
mouse all
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See WWTR1 in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
3q25.1
Exon count:
16
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2025_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 3 NC_000003.12 (149517235..149724788, complement)
RS_2025_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 3 NC_060927.1 (152268462..152476040, complement)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 3 NC_000003.11 (149235022..149442575, complement)

Chromosome 3 - NC_000003.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:149181411-149181912 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:149181913-149182412 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 13408 Neighboring gene FKBP prolyl isomerase 1A pseudogene 4 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 14803 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 15242 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 14804 Neighboring gene transmembrane 4 L six family member 4 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 15061 Neighboring gene eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1 pseudogene 45 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 14805 Neighboring gene RNA, U6 small nuclear 1098, pseudogene Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:149291956-149292582 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:149292583-149293209 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:149293210-149293836 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:149322409-149323099 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:149369611-149370110 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 14320 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:149375639-149376218 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 20682 Neighboring gene WWTR1 intronic transcript 1 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:149388438-149388978 Neighboring gene WWTR1 antisense RNA 1 Neighboring gene NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:149396068-149396569 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:149431193-149431694 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:149431695-149432194 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 14807 Neighboring gene COMM domain containing 2 Neighboring gene ankyrin repeat and ubiquitin domain containing 1 Neighboring gene RNA, U6 small nuclear 507, pseudogene

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

  • Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
  • Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
  • BioProject: PRJNA270632
  • Publication: PMID 26076956
  • Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

Related articles in PubMed

  1. TAZ is overexpressed in prostate cancers and regulates the proliferation, migration and apoptosis of prostate cancer PC3 cells. Lin M, et al. Oncol Rep, 2020 Aug. PMID 32468018
  2. TAZ Reduces UVA-mediated Photoaging through Regulates Cell Proliferation in Skin Fibroblasts. Wang M, et al. Photochem Photobiol, 2023 Jan. PMID 35598174
  3. Thymine DNA glycosylase-regulated TAZ promotes radioresistance by targeting nonhomologous end joining and tumor progression in esophageal cancer. Zhou W, et al. Cancer Sci, 2020 Oct. PMID 32808385, Free PMC Article
  4. TAZ(Q233del) Hijacks Hippo pathway to promote mesenchymal-epithelial transition in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells. Yao CB, et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2018 Sep 18. PMID 29953851
  5. High expression of TAZ indicates a poor prognosis in retinoblastoma. Zhang Y, et al. Diagn Pathol, 2015 Oct 13. PMID 26464030, Free PMC Article

See all (450) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. CircHIPK2 Contributes Cell Growth in Intestinal Epithelial of Colitis and Colorectal Cancer through Promoting TAZ Translation.
    Title: CircHIPK2 Contributes Cell Growth in Intestinal Epithelial of Colitis and Colorectal Cancer through Promoting TAZ Translation.
  2. YAP/TAZ-TEAD activity promotes the malignant transformation of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia through enhancing the characteristics and Warburg effect of cancer stem cells.
    Title: YAP/TAZ-TEAD activity promotes the malignant transformation of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia through enhancing the characteristics and Warburg effect of cancer stem cells.
  3. The Hippo pathway transcription factors YAP and TAZ play HPV-type dependent roles in cervical cancer.
    Title: The Hippo pathway transcription factors YAP and TAZ play HPV-type dependent roles in cervical cancer.
  4. Sirtuin 5-mediated deacetylation of TAZ at K54 promotes melanoma development.
    Title: Sirtuin 5-mediated deacetylation of TAZ at K54 promotes melanoma development.
  5. The Hippo pathway terminal effector TAZ/WWTR1 mediates oxaliplatin sensitivity in p53 proficient colon cancer cells.
    Title: The Hippo pathway terminal effector TAZ/WWTR1 mediates oxaliplatin sensitivity in p53 proficient colon cancer cells.
  6. Uncovering the relationship between YAP/ WWTR1 (TAZ) genes expression and LncRNAs of SNHG15, HCP5 and LINC01433 in breast cancer tissues.
    Title: Uncovering the relationship between YAP/ WWTR1 (TAZ) genes expression and LncRNAs of SNHG15, HCP5 and LINC01433 in breast cancer tissues.
  7. Non-canonical IKB kinases regulate YAP/TAZ and pathological vascular remodeling behaviors in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells.
    Title: Non-canonical IKB kinases regulate YAP/TAZ and pathological vascular remodeling behaviors in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells.
  8. YAP/TAZ Signaling Enhances Angiogenesis of Retinal Microvascular Endothelial Cells in a High-Glucose Environment.
    Title: YAP/TAZ Signaling Enhances Angiogenesis of Retinal Microvascular Endothelial Cells in a High-Glucose Environment.
  9. External Mechanical Stability Regulates Hematoma Vascularization in Bone Healing Rather than Endothelial YAP/TAZ Mechanotransduction.
    Title: External Mechanical Stability Regulates Hematoma Vascularization in Bone Healing Rather than Endothelial YAP/TAZ Mechanotransduction.
  10. VGLL1 stabilization of cytoplasmic TAZ promotes EGFR expression and maintains tumor initiating cells in breast cancer independent of TEAD.
    Title: VGLL1 stabilization of cytoplasmic TAZ promotes EGFR expression and maintains tumor initiating cells in breast cancer independent of TEAD.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (385)

Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Genome-wide association study of pre-eclampsia detects novel maternal single nucleotide polymorphisms and copy-number variants in subsets of the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) study cohort.
EBI GWAS Catalog

See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Replication interactions

Interaction Pubs
Knockdown of WW domain containing transcription regulator 1 (WWTR1; TAZ) by shRNA library screening inhibits HIV-1 replication in cultured Jurkat T-cells PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

Markers

Homology

Clone Names

  • FLJ27004, FLJ45718, DKFZp586I1419

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein homodimerization activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables transcription coactivator activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables transcription coactivator activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables transcription coactivator activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables transcription coactivator activity IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
enables transcription coactivator activity NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
enables transcription coregulator activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables transcription corepressor activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables transcription corepressor activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Process Evidence Code Pubs
acts_upstream_of_or_within SCF-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in SMAD protein signal transduction IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
acts_upstream_of_or_within cilium assembly IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within glomerulus development IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in heart process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in hippo signaling IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in hippo signaling IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in hippo signaling IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within kidney morphogenesis IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within mesenchymal cell differentiation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within multicellular organism growth IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of fat cell differentiation IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of fat cell differentiation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in negative regulation of fat cell differentiation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in negative regulation of fat cell differentiation IGI
Inferred from Genetic Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within osteoblast differentiation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of cell population proliferation IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation IGI
Inferred from Genetic Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of protein localization to nucleus IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of protein localization to nucleus ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within protein ubiquitination IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of DNA-templated transcription IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in regulation of DNA-templated transcription NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of metanephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in stem cell division IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in tissue homeostasis IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in bicellular tight junction IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
is_active_in cytoplasm IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in cytoplasm IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in cytoplasm IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in cytosol IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
  
located_in cytosol TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
located_in nuclear body IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
  
located_in nucleoplasm IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
  
located_in nucleoplasm TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
is_active_in nucleus IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
is_active_in nucleus IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in nucleus IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in nucleus IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in nucleus NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
located_in plasma membrane IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
part_of transcription regulator complex IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Preferred Names
WW domain-containing transcription regulator protein 1
Names
transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif
NP_001161750.1

Length

  • 400
NP_001161752.1

Length

  • 400
NP_001335291.1

Length

  • 400
NP_056287.1

Length

  • 400

NEW Try the new Transcript table

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001168278.3 → NP_001161750.1  WW domain-containing transcription regulator protein 1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001161750.1

    Status: VALIDATED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 5' UTR compared to variant 4. Variants 1 through 4 all encode the same protein.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC012014, AK022036, AK130514, AL833852, DA338432
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS3144.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    D3DNH7, Q8N3P2, Q9GZV5, Q9Y3W6
    Related
    ENSP00000419465.1, ENST00000465804.5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    smart00456
    Location:125 → 156
    WW; Domain with 2 conserved Trp (W) residues

  2. NM_001168280.3 → NP_001161752.1  WW domain-containing transcription regulator protein 1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001161752.1

    Status: VALIDATED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (3) differs in the 5' UTR compared to variant 4. Variants 1 through 4 all encode the same protein.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC012014, AL833852, DA854089
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS3144.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    D3DNH7, Q8N3P2, Q9GZV5, Q9Y3W6
    Related
    ENSP00000621353.1, ENST00000951294.1
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    smart00456
    Location:125 → 156
    WW; Domain with 2 conserved Trp (W) residues

  3. NM_001348362.2 → NP_001335291.1  WW domain-containing transcription regulator protein 1

    Status: VALIDATED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (4) represents the longest transcript. Variants 1 through 4 all encode the same protein.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC012014, AC069216, AC108672, BQ003163
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS3144.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    D3DNH7, Q8N3P2, Q9GZV5, Q9Y3W6
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    smart00456
    Location:125 → 156
    WW; Domain with 2 conserved Trp (W) residues

  4. NM_015472.6 → NP_056287.1  WW domain-containing transcription regulator protein 1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_056287.1

    Status: VALIDATED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant 12) differs in the 5' UTR compared to variant 4. Variants 1 through 4 all encode the same protein.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC012014, AK130514, AL833852, BC014052, DA760311
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS3144.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    D3DNH7, Q8N3P2, Q9GZV5, Q9Y3W6
    Related
    ENSP00000353847.3, ENST00000360632.8
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    smart00456
    Location:125 → 156
    WW; Domain with 2 conserved Trp (W) residues

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2025_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000003.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    149517235..149724788 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_047447933.1 → XP_047303889.1  WW domain-containing transcription regulator protein 1 isoform X1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    D3DNH7, Q8N3P2, Q9GZV5, Q9Y3W6

  2. XM_047447931.1 → XP_047303887.1  WW domain-containing transcription regulator protein 1 isoform X1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    D3DNH7, Q8N3P2, Q9GZV5, Q9Y3W6

  3. XM_047447932.1 → XP_047303888.1  WW domain-containing transcription regulator protein 1 isoform X1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    D3DNH7, Q8N3P2, Q9GZV5, Q9Y3W6

  4. XM_017006122.2 → XP_016861611.1  WW domain-containing transcription regulator protein 1 isoform X1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    D3DNH7, Q8N3P2, Q9GZV5, Q9Y3W6
    Related
    ENSP00000554409.1, ENST00000884350.1
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    smart00456
    Location:125 → 156
    WW; Domain with 2 conserved Trp (W) residues

  5. XM_047447930.1 → XP_047303886.1  WW domain-containing transcription regulator protein 1 isoform X1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    D3DNH7, Q8N3P2, Q9GZV5, Q9Y3W6
    Related
    ENSP00000554410.1, ENST00000884351.1

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060927.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    152268462..152476040 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_054346105.1 → XP_054202080.1  WW domain-containing transcription regulator protein 1 isoform X2

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    D3DNH7, Q8N3P2, Q9GZV5, Q9Y3W6

  2. XM_054346110.1 → XP_054202085.1  WW domain-containing transcription regulator protein 1 isoform X2

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    D3DNH7, Q8N3P2, Q9GZV5, Q9Y3W6

  3. XM_054346108.1 → XP_054202083.1  WW domain-containing transcription regulator protein 1 isoform X2

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    D3DNH7, Q8N3P2, Q9GZV5, Q9Y3W6

  4. XM_054346109.1 → XP_054202084.1  WW domain-containing transcription regulator protein 1 isoform X2

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    D3DNH7, Q8N3P2, Q9GZV5, Q9Y3W6

  5. XM_054346106.1 → XP_054202081.1  WW domain-containing transcription regulator protein 1 isoform X2

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    D3DNH7, Q8N3P2, Q9GZV5, Q9Y3W6

  6. XM_054346107.1 → XP_054202082.1  WW domain-containing transcription regulator protein 1 isoform X2

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    D3DNH7, Q8N3P2, Q9GZV5, Q9Y3W6

  7. XM_054346104.1 → XP_054202079.1  WW domain-containing transcription regulator protein 1 isoform X2

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    D3DNH7, Q8N3P2, Q9GZV5, Q9Y3W6

  8. XM_054346103.1 → XP_054202078.1  WW domain-containing transcription regulator protein 1 isoform X2

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    D3DNH7, Q8N3P2, Q9GZV5, Q9Y3W6
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q9GZV5.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q9GZV5

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