Il10 interleukin 10 [ Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) ]

Gene ID: 25325, updated on 27-Sep-2025

Summary

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Official Symbol: Il10provided by RGD
Official Full Name: interleukin 10provided by RGD
Primary source: RGD:2886
See related: Ensembl:ENSRNOG00000004647 AllianceGenome:RGD:2886
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: PROVISIONAL
Organism: Rattus norvegicus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
Also known as: If2a; IL10X
Summary: Enables interleukin-10 receptor binding activity. Involved in several processes, including cellular response to estradiol stimulus; liver regeneration; and negative regulation of biosynthetic process. Located in extracellular space. Used to study several diseases, including lung disease (multiple); perinatal necrotizing enterocolitis; sciatic neuropathy; toxic encephalopathy; and transient cerebral ischemia. Biomarker of several diseases, including alcohol use disorder; artery disease (multiple); decubitus ulcer; liver disease (multiple); and lung disease (multiple). Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in several diseases, including artery disease (multiple); autoimmune disease (multiple); eye disease (multiple); gastrointestinal system cancer (multiple); and hematologic cancer (multiple). Orthologous to human IL10 (interleukin 10). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2025]
Expression: Biased expression in Spleen (RPKM 3.6), Thymus (RPKM 1.9) and 7 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human mouse all
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Genomic context

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See Il10 in Genome Data Viewer

Location:: 13q13

Exon count:: 3

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1)	13	NC_086031.1 (45024921..45029586)
RS_2023_06	previous assembly	mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2)	13	NC_051348.1 (42472625..42477308)
106	previous assembly	Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5)	13	NC_005112.4 (47738933..47743392)

Chromosome 13 - NC_086031.1 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

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Expression

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See details

Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
BioProject: PRJNA238328
Publication: PMID 24510058
Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Ex Vivo Production of IL-1beta and IL-10 by Activated Blood Cells of Wistar Rats with Different Resistance to Hypoxia after Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome.
Title: Ex Vivo Production of IL-1β and IL-10 by Activated Blood Cells of Wistar Rats with Different Resistance to Hypoxia after Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome.
Initial IL-10 production dominates the therapy of mesenchymal stem cell scaffold in spinal cord injury.
Title: Initial IL-10 production dominates the therapy of mesenchymal stem cell scaffold in spinal cord injury.
IL-10 dependent modulatory effect of regulatory B10 cells on local scar formation following Roux-en-Y choledochojejunostomy in a novel rat model.
Title: IL-10 dependent modulatory effect of regulatory B10 cells on local scar formation following Roux-en-Y choledochojejunostomy in a novel rat model.
Reduced expression of Il10, Stat3, Hoxa10, and Itgb3 in the embryo implantation site of rat model with prenatal androgen-induced polycystic ovary syndrome.
Title: Reduced expression of Il10, Stat3, Hoxa10, and Itgb3 in the embryo implantation site of rat model with prenatal androgen-induced polycystic ovary syndrome.
Local IL-10 delivery modulates the immune response and enhances repair of volumetric muscle loss muscle injury.
Title: Local IL-10 delivery modulates the immune response and enhances repair of volumetric muscle loss muscle injury.
Selective Role of TNFalpha and IL10 in Regulation of Barrier Properties of the Colon in DMH-Induced Tumor and Healthy Rats.
Title: Selective Role of TNFα and IL10 in Regulation of Barrier Properties of the Colon in DMH-Induced Tumor and Healthy Rats.
Interleukin-10 regulates starvation-induced autophagy through the STAT3-mTOR-p70s6k axis in hepatic stellate cells.
Title: Interleukin-10 regulates starvation-induced autophagy through the STAT3-mTOR-p70s6k axis in hepatic stellate cells.
Photobiomodulation therapy improved functional recovery and overexpression of interleukins-10 after contusion spinal cord injury in rats.
Title: Photobiomodulation therapy improved functional recovery and overexpression of interleukins-10 after contusion spinal cord injury in rats.
Exercise induced hypoalgesia profile in rats is associated with IL-10 and IL-1 beta levels and pain severity following nerve injury.
Title: Exercise induced hypoalgesia profile in rats is associated with IL-10 and IL-1 β levels and pain severity following nerve injury.
Interleukin-10 does not contribute to the anti-contractile nature of PVAT in health.
Title: Interleukin-10 does not contribute to the anti-contractile nature of PVAT in health.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (139)

General gene information

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Markers

Il10 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:534563

Il10 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:143532

Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables cytokine activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables cytokine activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables cytokine activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables interleukin-10 receptor binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables interleukin-10 receptor binding	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
enables protein dimerization activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein dimerization activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
acts_upstream_of_or_within branching involved in labyrinthine layer morphogenesis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within branching involved in labyrinthine layer morphogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cellular response to estradiol stimulus	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within cellular response to lipopolysaccharide	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cellular response to lipopolysaccharide	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within cellular response to lipopolysaccharide	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cellular response to lipopolysaccharide	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within defense response to bacterium	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within defense response to bacterium	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within defense response to protozoan	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within defense response to protozoan	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in immune response	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in immune response	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in immune response	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in interleukin-10-mediated signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within interleukin-10-mediated signaling pathway	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within interleukin-10-mediated signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in interleukin-10-mediated signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in interleukin-10-mediated signaling pathway	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in liver regeneration	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of B cell proliferation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of B cell proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of B cell proliferation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of apoptotic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of autophagy	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of autophagy	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of cell population proliferation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of cell population proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of cytokine production	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of cytokine production	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of cytokine production	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
NOT involved_in negative regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of inflammatory response	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of inflammatory response	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of inflammatory response	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of inflammatory response	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of inflammatory response	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of inflammatory response	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of interleukin-12 production	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of interleukin-12 production	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of interleukin-6 production	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of interleukin-6 production	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of interleukin-6 production	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of myeloid dendritic cell activation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of myeloid dendritic cell activation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of type II interferon production	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of type II interferon production	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of B cell apoptotic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of B cell apoptotic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of B cell apoptotic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of cell cycle	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of cell cycle	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of cytokine production	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of cytokine production	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of cytokine production	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of positive regulation of immunoglobulin production	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of positive regulation of immunoglobulin production	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of macrophage activation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of miRNA transcription	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of miRNA transcription	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of positive regulation of plasma cell differentiation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of positive regulation of plasma cell differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of sprouting angiogenesis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of sprouting angiogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
NOT involved_in regulation of complement-dependent cytotoxicity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of gene expression	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of gene expression	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of response to wounding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in regulation of response to wounding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of synapse organization	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in response to activity	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to carbon monoxide	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to glucocorticoid	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to glucocorticoid	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to glucocorticoid	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in response to glucocorticoid	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in response to inactivity	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to insulin	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to lipopolysaccharide	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to molecule of bacterial origin	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to molecule of bacterial origin	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in response to xenobiotic stimulus	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in extracellular region	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
is_active_in extracellular space	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in extracellular space	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular space	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
is_active_in extracellular space	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in extracellular space	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in extracellular space	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: interleukin-10

Names: CSIF; IL-10; cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor; interferon 2a

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_012854.2 → NP_036986.2 interleukin-10 precursor

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_036986.2

Status: PROVISIONAL

Source sequence(s)

L02926

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P29456, Q63263

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A7R8C3K4

Related

ENSRNOP00000006246.2, ENSRNOT00000006246.7

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam00726
Location:14 → 174

IL10; Interleukin 10

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_036323735.1-RS_2024_02

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCr8

Genomic

NC_086031.1 Reference GRCr8

Range

45024921..45029586

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

XM_008769426.4 → XP_008767648.1 interleukin-10 isoform X1

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cl02501
Location:33 → 126

IL10; Interleukin 10
XM_006249712.5 → XP_006249774.1 interleukin-10 isoform X2

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cl02501
Location:33 → 149

IL10; Interleukin 10