Akt2 AKT serine/threonine kinase 2 [Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Akt2provided by RGD
Official Full Name: AKT serine/threonine kinase 2provided by RGD
Primary source: RGD:2082
See related: Ensembl:ENSRNOG00000018677 AllianceGenome:RGD:2082
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Rattus norvegicus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
Summary: Enables ATP binding activity; protein kinase C binding activity; and protein serine/threonine kinase activity. Involved in several processes, including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction; positive regulation of D-glucose import; and positive regulation of metabolic process. Acts upstream of or within cellular response to insulin stimulus and positive regulation of sodium ion transport. Located in insulin-responsive compartment and sarcoplasmic reticulum. Used to study high grade glioma and ischemia. Biomarker of colorectal cancer; hepatocellular carcinoma; hypertension; and obesity. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in glucose metabolism disease (multiple) and reproductive organ cancer (multiple). Orthologous to human AKT2 (AKT serine/threonine kinase 2). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jul 2025]
Expression: Biased expression in Muscle (RPKM 265.6), Heart (RPKM 231.4) and 9 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 1q21

Exon count:: 22

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1)	1	NC_086019.1 (92004705..92061420)
RS_2023_06	previous assembly	mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2)	1	NC_051336.1 (82877228..82933828)
106	previous assembly	Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5)	1	NC_005100.4 (84400939..84451223)

Chromosome 1 - NC_086019.1 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
BioProject: PRJNA238328
Publication: PMID 24510058
Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Akt2 deficiency alleviates oxidative stress in the heart and liver via up-regulating SIRT6 during high-fat diet-induced obesity.
Title: Akt2 deficiency alleviates oxidative stress in the heart and liver via up-regulating SIRT6 during high-fat diet-induced obesity.
MicroRNA-137 inhibits pituitary prolactinoma proliferation by targeting AKT2.
Title: MicroRNA-137 inhibits pituitary prolactinoma proliferation by targeting AKT2.
data identify previously unrecognized Akt2 kinase as a driver of TGFbeta induced deptor downregulation and sustained mTORC1 and mTORC2 activation.
Title: Akt2 causes TGFβ-induced deptor downregulation facilitating mTOR to drive podocyte hypertrophy and matrix protein expression.
Suggest that when cardiomyocytes incur oxidative stress under diabetic conditions, it subsequently activates the PI3Kgamma/Akt cell-signaling pathway and further increases HMGB1 expression.
Title: Activation of PI3Kγ/Akt pathway increases cardiomyocyte HMGB1 expression in diabetic environment.
The results of this study suggest that phosphorylation of Akt2 mediates the beneficial effects of galanin on insulin-induced glucose uptake in the adipocytes of diabetic rats.
Title: Akt2-Dependent Beneficial Effect of Galanin on Insulin-Induced Glucose Uptake in Adipocytes of Diabetic Rats.
Data suggest that caloric restriction in aging rats up-regulates insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in the predominantly slow-twitch soleus muscle; this up-regulation appears to rely on enhanced Akt2 phosphorylation.
Title: Inhibition of Akt2 phosphorylation abolishes the calorie restriction-induced improvement in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by rat soleus muscle.
Evidence links greater Akt2 activation to the caloric restriction-induced elevation of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by muscle from old animals.
Title: Calorie restriction leads to greater Akt2 activity and glucose uptake by insulin-stimulated skeletal muscle from old rats.
Nuclear translocation of Akt2 and synthesis of GLUT2 is increased in the hepatocytes of chard or/and insulin-treated hyperglycemic rats.
Title: Chard (Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla) extract ameliorates hyperglycemia by increasing GLUT2 through Akt2 and antioxidant defense in the liver of rats.
Role of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor in Akt2-mediated plasma membrane translocation of GLUT4 in insulin-stimulated skeletal muscle.
Title: Role of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor in Akt2-mediated plasma membrane translocation of GLUT4 in insulin-stimulated skeletal muscle.
PP2A inhibitors increased hepatic Akt phosphorylation and inhibited FoxO1in vitro and in vivo, and suppressed gluconeogenesis in hepatocytes
Title: PP2A inhibition results in hepatic insulin resistance despite Akt2 activation.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (36)

General gene information

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Markers

RH94820 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:120066

AA957331 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:248121

SGC30851 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:8286

MARC_6978-6979:992007604:1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:231294

AKT2 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:277960

Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables ATP binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables ATP binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables ATP binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables metal ion binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables molecular function activator activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables nucleotide binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein kinase C binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein kinase C binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein kinase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables protein serine kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables transferase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in apoptotic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within cellular response to high light intensity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cellular response to hormone stimulus	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to insulin stimulus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within cellular response to insulin stimulus	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to insulin stimulus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in glucose metabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within glucose metabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in glycogen biosynthetic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in glycogen metabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in insulin receptor signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within insulin receptor signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in insulin receptor signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in intracellular signal transduction	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in negative regulation of PERK-mediated unfolded protein response	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of RNA splicing	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of apoptotic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in negative regulation of apoptotic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of long-chain fatty acid import across plasma membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within peripheral nervous system myelin maintenance	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of D-glucose import	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of D-glucose import	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of D-glucose import	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of adipose tissue development	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in positive regulation of cap-dependent translational initiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of cap-dependent translational initiation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of cell migration	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of cell migration	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of cell motility	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of gene expression	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of glucose metabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of positive chemotaxis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of protein targeting to membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of protein targeting to membrane	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of signal transduction	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of sodium ion transport	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of sodium ion transport	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within protein localization to plasma membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in protein stabilization	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in protein stabilization	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in regulation of translation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to hypoxia	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to insulin	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in response to insulin	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to muscle activity	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to nutrient levels	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within retinal rod cell apoptotic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in cell cortex	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in cell cortex	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in cytoplasm	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in cytoplasm	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in cytosol	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in cytosol	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
located_in early endosome	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in endosome	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in insulin-responsive compartment	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in nucleoplasm	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in nucleoplasm	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
located_in nucleus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in nucleus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in plasma membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in plasma membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in ruffle membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in ruffle membrane	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in sarcoplasmic reticulum	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in vesicle	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase

Names: AKT2 kinase; PKB beta; RAC protein kinase beta RAC-PK beta; RAC-PK-beta; murine thymoma viral (v-akt) oncogene homolog 2; protein kinase Akt-2; protein kinase B beta; thymoma viral proto-oncogene 2; v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 2

XP_008757330.1

EC 2.7.11.1

XP_008757331.1

EC 2.7.11.1

XP_008757332.1

EC 2.7.11.1

XP_008757333.1

EC 2.7.11.1

XP_038957393.1

EC 2.7.11.1

XP_038957395.1

EC 2.7.11.1

XP_038957397.1

EC 2.7.11.1

XP_038957400.1

EC 2.7.11.1

XP_038957402.1

EC 2.7.11.1

XP_063137532.1

EC 2.7.11.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001439919.1 → NP_001426848.1 RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform 1

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

JAXUCZ010000001

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P47197

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q3HSE5
NM_001439920.1 → NP_001426849.1 RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform 1

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

JAXUCZ010000001

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P47197

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q3HSE5
NM_001439923.1 → NP_001426852.1 RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform 1

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

JAXUCZ010000001

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P47197

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q3HSE5
NM_001439924.1 → NP_001426853.1 RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform 1

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

JAXUCZ010000001

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P47197

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q3HSE5
NM_001439925.1 → NP_001426854.1 RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform 1

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

JAXUCZ010000001

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P47197

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q3HSE5
NM_001439926.1 → NP_001426855.1 RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform 1

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

JAXUCZ010000001

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P47197

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q3HSE5
NM_001439927.1 → NP_001426856.1 RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform 2

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

JAXUCZ010000001

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A8I5Y943
NM_017093.2 → NP_058789.2 RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform 1

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

JAXUCZ010000001

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P47197

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q3HSE5

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_036323735.1-RS_2024_02

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCr8

Genomic

NC_086019.1 Reference GRCr8

Range

92004705..92061420

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GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

XM_039101469.2 → XP_038957397.1 RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X2

Conserved Domains (2) summary

cd05595
Location:156 → 478

STKc_PKB_beta; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, Protein Kinase B beta (also called Akt2)

cd01241
Location:4 → 111

PH_PKB; Protein Kinase B-like pleckstrin homology (PH) domain
XM_008759109.4 → XP_008757331.1 RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X2

Conserved Domains (2) summary

cd05595
Location:156 → 478

STKc_PKB_beta; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, Protein Kinase B beta (also called Akt2)

cd01241
Location:4 → 111

PH_PKB; Protein Kinase B-like pleckstrin homology (PH) domain
XM_063281462.1 → XP_063137532.1 RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X4

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A8I5Y943
XM_039101474.2 → XP_038957402.1 RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X3

Related

ENSRNOP00000095075.2, ENSRNOT00000118840.2

Conserved Domains (2) summary

cd05595
Location:94 → 416

STKc_PKB_beta; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, Protein Kinase B beta (also called Akt2)

cl17171
Location:1 → 49

PH-like; Pleckstrin homology-like domain
XM_039101467.2 → XP_038957395.1 RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X2

Related

ENSRNOP00000025303.4, ENSRNOT00000025303.5

Conserved Domains (2) summary

cd05595
Location:156 → 478

STKc_PKB_beta; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, Protein Kinase B beta (also called Akt2)

cd01241
Location:4 → 111

PH_PKB; Protein Kinase B-like pleckstrin homology (PH) domain
XM_039101465.2 → XP_038957393.1 RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X2

Conserved Domains (2) summary

cd05595
Location:156 → 478

STKc_PKB_beta; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, Protein Kinase B beta (also called Akt2)

cd01241
Location:4 → 111

PH_PKB; Protein Kinase B-like pleckstrin homology (PH) domain
XM_008759110.4 → XP_008757332.1 RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X2

Conserved Domains (2) summary

cd05595
Location:156 → 478

STKc_PKB_beta; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, Protein Kinase B beta (also called Akt2)

cd01241
Location:4 → 111

PH_PKB; Protein Kinase B-like pleckstrin homology (PH) domain
XM_008759111.4 → XP_008757333.1 RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X2

Conserved Domains (2) summary

cd05595
Location:156 → 478

STKc_PKB_beta; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, Protein Kinase B beta (also called Akt2)

cd01241
Location:4 → 111

PH_PKB; Protein Kinase B-like pleckstrin homology (PH) domain
XM_039101472.2 → XP_038957400.1 RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X2

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P47197

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q3HSE5

Conserved Domains (2) summary

cd05595
Location:156 → 478

STKc_PKB_beta; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, Protein Kinase B beta (also called Akt2)

cd01241
Location:4 → 111

PH_PKB; Protein Kinase B-like pleckstrin homology (PH) domain
XM_008759108.4 → XP_008757330.1 RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P47197

Conserved Domains (4) summary

cd05595
Location:171 → 493

STKc_PKB_beta; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, Protein Kinase B beta (also called Akt2)

smart00220
Location:167 → 424

S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain

cd01241
Location:32 → 126

PH_PKB; Protein Kinase B-like pleckstrin homology (PH) domain

pfam00169
Location:35 → 121

PH; PH domain