Gh1 growth hormone 1 [Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Gh1provided by RGD
Official Full Name: growth hormone 1provided by RGD
Primary source: RGD:2686
See related: Ensembl:ENSRNOG00000011207 AllianceGenome:RGD:2686
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Rattus norvegicus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
Also known as: Gh; Ghb1; RNGHGP
Summary: Enables hormone activity. Involved in several processes, including cellular response to alkaline pH; cellular response to thyroid hormone stimulus; and positive regulation of steroid hormone biosynthetic process. Located in collagen-containing extracellular matrix; extracellular space; and secretory granule. Used to study type 1 diabetes mellitus. Biomarker of congenital hypothyroidism; osteoporosis; and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in several diseases, including anemia (multiple); autoimmune disease of endocrine system (multiple); diabetic retinopathy; isolated growth hormone deficiency (multiple); and progeria. Orthologous to several human genes including CSH1 (chorionic somatomammotropin hormone 1) and CSH2 (chorionic somatomammotropin hormone 2). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2025]
Expression: Low expression observed in reference dataset See more
Orthologs: human mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 10q32.1

Exon count:: 5

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1)	10	NC_086028.1 (91727883..91729860, complement)
RS_2023_06	previous assembly	mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2)	10	NC_051345.1 (91228102..91230079, complement)
106	previous assembly	Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5)	10	NC_005109.4 (94486204..94488181, complement)

Chromosome 10 - NC_086028.1 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
BioProject: PRJNA238328
Publication: PMID 24510058
Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Diffuse traumatic brain injury substantially alters plasma growth hormone in the juvenile rat.
Title: Diffuse traumatic brain injury substantially alters plasma growth hormone in the juvenile rat.
Chronic adult-onset of growth hormone/IGF-I hypersecretion improves cognitive functions and LTP and promotes neuronal differentiation in adult rats.
Title: Chronic adult-onset of growth hormone/IGF-I hypersecretion improves cognitive functions and LTP and promotes neuronal differentiation in adult rats.
miR-709 inhibits GHRP6 induced GH synthesis by targeting PRKCA in pituitary.
Title: miR-709 inhibits GHRP6 induced GH synthesis by targeting PRKCA in pituitary.
Leptin Modulates the Response of Brown Adipose Tissue to Negative Energy Balance: Implication of the GH/IGF-I Axis.
Title: Leptin Modulates the Response of Brown Adipose Tissue to Negative Energy Balance: Implication of the GH/IGF-I Axis.
IGF1 exerts a negative feedback on GH secretion by a transcriptional mechanism.
Title: PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway involvement in regulating growth hormone secretion in a rat pituitary adenoma cell line.
The results suggest that GH regulates energy metabolism directly in myocytes and that UCP2 participates in the signal transduction pathway that functions downstream of the GHR/JAK/STAT.
Title: Growth hormone regulates the expression of UCP2 in myocytes.
Impaired growth hormone-mediated signaling is observed in ethanol-exposed hepatocytes and is explained by differential effects of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)- and cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)-mediated ethanol metabolism on the Jak2/STAT5B pathway.
Title: Ethanol metabolism by alcohol dehydrogenase or cytochrome P(450) 2E1 differentially impairs hepatic protein trafficking and growth hormone signaling.
l-Ornithine stimulates growth hormone secretion through the sympathetic nervous and ghrelin systems.
Title: l-Ornithine stimulates growth hormone release in a manner dependent on the ghrelin system.
This study evaluated the role of growth hormone in the response to exogenous epidermal growth factor.
Title: Attenuation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling by growth hormone (GH).
This study indicates that the depressive-like behavior may be related to the decrease of Gh1 expression in the cerebellum and prefrontal cortex.
Title: Downregulation of growth hormone 1 gene in the cerebellum and prefrontal cortex of rats with depressive-like behavior.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (74)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

Gh (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:143200

Gh (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:143201

BGH (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:250765

Gh (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:527359

Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables cytokine activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables growth factor activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables growth factor activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables growth hormone activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables growth hormone receptor binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables growth hormone receptor binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables growth hormone receptor binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables hormone activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables hormone activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables hormone activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables metal ion binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables prolactin receptor binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in animal organ development	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in bone maturation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cell surface receptor signaling pathway via STAT	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cellular response to alkaline pH	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within cellular response to insulin stimulus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within cellular response to insulin stimulus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cellular response to thyroid hormone stimulus	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cytokine-mediated signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in female pregnancy	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in growth hormone receptor signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within growth hormone receptor signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in growth hormone receptor signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within growth hormone receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in growth hormone receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in lung alveolus development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of growth hormone receptor signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in neuroblast proliferation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of D-glucose transmembrane transport	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of growth	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of growth	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of multicellular organism growth	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of multicellular organism growth	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of multicellular organism growth	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of neurogenesis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
NOT involved_in positive regulation of receptor internalization	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of steroid hormone biosynthetic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of response to nutrient levels	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in response to cytokine	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to estradiol	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to estradiol	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to food	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to food	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in response to light stimulus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in response to nutrient levels	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in response to peptide hormone	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in extracellular matrix	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular region	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in extracellular region	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
is_active_in extracellular space	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in extracellular space	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular space	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
is_active_in extracellular space	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in extracellular space	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
part_of growth hormone receptor complex	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in nucleus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in nucleus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in plasma membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in plasma membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in secretory granule	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in secretory granule	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in secretory granule	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in trans-Golgi network	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in trans-Golgi network	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: somatotropin

Names: growth hormone b1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.