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Mill2 MHC I like leukocyte 2 [ Mus musculus (house mouse) ]

Gene ID: 243864, updated on 9-Mar-2023

Summary

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Official Symbol
Mill2provided by MGI
Official Full Name
MHC I like leukocyte 2provided by MGI
Primary source
MGI:MGI:2179989
See related
Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000040987 AllianceGenome:MGI:2179989
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
VALIDATED
Organism
Mus musculus
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
Also known as
Micb
Summary
Predicted to enable natural killer cell lectin-like receptor binding activity. Predicted to be involved in immune response. Is anchored component of external side of plasma membrane. Orthologous to human MICA (MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence A) and MICB (MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence B). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2022]
Expression
Broad expression in bladder adult (RPKM 6.2), lung adult (RPKM 3.8) and 15 other tissues See more
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Genomic context

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See Mill2 in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
7 A3; 7 9.35 cM
Exon count:
9
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
109 current GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27) 7 NC_000073.7 (18573878..18603621)
108.20200622 previous assembly GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26) 7 NC_000073.6 (18839958..18869696)

Chromosome 7 - NC_000073.7Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene predicted gene, 36044 Neighboring gene heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K pseudogene Neighboring gene peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 Neighboring gene coiled-coil domain containing 61

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
  • Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
  • BioProject: PRJNA66167
  • Publication: PMID 25409824
  • Analysis date: n/a

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Structure of MHC class I-like MILL2 reveals heparan-sulfate binding and interdomain flexibility. Kajikawa M, et al. Nat Commun, 2018 Oct 18. PMID 30337538, Free PMC Article
  2. A role for the MHC class I-like Mill molecules in nutrient metabolism and wound healing. Rabinovich BA, et al. Immunol Cell Biol, 2008 Aug-Sep. PMID 18560379
  3. Reversal of epigenetic silencing of MHC class I chain-related protein A and B improves immune recognition of Merkel cell carcinoma. Ritter C, et al. Sci Rep, 2016 Feb 23. PMID 26902929, Free PMC Article
  4. The inhibitory effects of synthetic short peptides, mimicking MICA and targeting at NKG2D receptors, on function of NK cells. Zhang B, et al. Peptides, 2005 Mar. PMID 15652646
  5. MHC class I-like MILL molecules are beta2-microglobulin-associated, GPI-anchored glycoproteins that do not require TAP for cell surface expression. Kajikawa M, et al. J Immunol, 2006 Sep 1. PMID 16920948

See all (18) citations in PubMed

See citations in PubMed for homologs of this gene provided by HomoloGene

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. MILL2 has a unique structural architecture and physiological role, with binding to heparan sulfate proteoglycans on fibroblasts possibly regulating cellular recruitment in biological events.
    Title: Structure of MHC class I-like MILL2 reveals heparan-sulfate binding and interdomain flexibility.
  2. Reversal of epigenetic silencing of MICA and MICB improves immune recognition and killing of Merkel cell carcinoma cells.
    Title: Reversal of epigenetic silencing of MHC class I chain-related protein A and B improves immune recognition of Merkel cell carcinoma.
  3. Our results suggest a role for the Mill proteins in cellular metabolism, with possible therapeutic significance.
    Title: A role for the MHC class I-like Mill molecules in nutrient metabolism and wound healing.
  4. Mill1 and Mill2 genes are predicted to encode membrane glycoproteins with domain organization essentially similar to that of MHC class I heavy chains.
    Title: A family of MHC class I-like genes located in the vicinity of the mouse leukocyte receptor complex.
  5. two members of the mouse MILL family, MILL1 and MILL2, are GPI-anchored glycoproteins associated with beta2-microglobulin (beta2m)
    Title: MHC class I-like MILL molecules are beta2-microglobulin-associated, GPI-anchored glycoproteins that do not require TAP for cell surface expression.
  6. analysis of functional sites in NKG2D-MICA interaction in mouse and human
    Title: The inhibitory effects of synthetic short peptides, mimicking MICA and targeting at NKG2D receptors, on function of NK cells.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

Variation

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Alleles

Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics  (MGI)
  • Endonuclease-mediated (4) 

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables natural killer cell lectin-like receptor binding ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in DNA damage response ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
involved_in T cell mediated cytotoxicity ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
involved_in antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway, TAP-independent IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in defense response to bacterium ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
involved_in defense response to virus ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
involved_in gamma-delta T cell activation ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
involved_in immune response IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in immune response to tumor cell ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
involved_in natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
involved_in negative regulation of natural killer cell activation ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
involved_in negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in response to heat ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in cell surface ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
is_active_in external side of plasma membrane IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 PubMed 
located_in external side of plasma membrane IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
is_active_in extracellular space IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 PubMed 
located_in extracellular space ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
located_in membrane IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in plasma membrane ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  

General protein information

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Preferred Names
MHC class I-like protein MILL2; MHC I like leukocyte 2
Names
MHC class I-like located near the LRC, 2
MHC class I-like located near the leukocyte receptor complex 2
VMHC class I polypeptide-related sequence B

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_153760.2 → NP_715641.1  MHC class I-like protein MILL2 isoform short precursor

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_715641.1

    Status: VALIDATED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC153651
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS20879.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q8HWE6
    Related
    ENSMUSP00000072246.7, ENSMUST00000072415.9
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cl08246
    Location:36 → 203
    MHC_I; Class I Histocompatibility antigen, domains alpha 1 and 2
    cl11960
    Location:215 → 297
    Ig; Immunoglobulin domain

  2. NM_153761.3 → NP_715642.2  MHC class I-like protein MILL2 isoform long precursor

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_715642.2

    Status: VALIDATED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC153651
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS20880.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q8HWE6
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q8HWE5
    Related
    ENSMUSP00000072223.5, ENSMUST00000072386.11
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    cd00096
    Location:230 → 237
    Ig; Ig strand A [structural motif]
    cl08246
    Location:51 → 218
    MHC_I; Class I Histocompatibility antigen, domains alpha 1 and 2
    cl11960
    Location:230 → 312
    Ig; Immunoglobulin domain

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: Mus musculus Annotation Release 109 details...Open this link in a new tab

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

Genomic

  1. NC_000073.7 Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

    Range
    18573878..18603621
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_036153081.1 → XP_036008974.1  MHC I like leukocyte 2 isoform X5

  2. XM_006539934.5 → XP_006539997.1  MHC I like leukocyte 2 isoform X3

    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cl08246
    Location:31 → 115
    MHC_I; Class I Histocompatibility antigen, domains alpha 1 and 2
    cl11960
    Location:127 → 209
    Ig; Immunoglobulin domain

  3. XM_030242560.2 → XP_030098420.1  MHC I like leukocyte 2 isoform X3

    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cl08246
    Location:31 → 115
    MHC_I; Class I Histocompatibility antigen, domains alpha 1 and 2
    cl11960
    Location:127 → 209
    Ig; Immunoglobulin domain

  4. XM_006539932.3 → XP_006539995.1  MHC I like leukocyte 2 isoform X1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006539995.1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q8HWE6
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q8HWE5
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    cd00096
    Location:230 → 237
    Ig; Ig strand A [structural motif]
    cl08246
    Location:51 → 218
    MHC_I; Class I Histocompatibility antigen, domains alpha 1 and 2
    cl11960
    Location:230 → 312
    Ig; Immunoglobulin domain

  5. XM_017322234.1 → XP_017177723.1  MHC I like leukocyte 2 isoform X1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q8HWE6
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q8HWE5
    Related
    ENSMUSP00000154268.2, ENSMUST00000228493.2
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    cd00096
    Location:230 → 237
    Ig; Ig strand A [structural motif]
    cl08246
    Location:51 → 218
    MHC_I; Class I Histocompatibility antigen, domains alpha 1 and 2
    cl11960
    Location:230 → 312
    Ig; Immunoglobulin domain

  6. XM_030242559.1 → XP_030098419.1  MHC I like leukocyte 2 isoform X2

    Related
    ENSMUSP00000154222.2, ENSMUST00000227379.2
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cl08246
    Location:36 → 203
    MHC_I; Class I Histocompatibility antigen, domains alpha 1 and 2
    cl11960
    Location:215 → 297
    Ig; Immunoglobulin domain

  7. XM_006539933.4 → XP_006539996.1  MHC I like leukocyte 2 isoform X2

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006539996.1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q8HWE6
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cl08246
    Location:36 → 203
    MHC_I; Class I Histocompatibility antigen, domains alpha 1 and 2
    cl11960
    Location:215 → 297
    Ig; Immunoglobulin domain

  8. XM_017322235.3 → XP_017177724.1  MHC I like leukocyte 2 isoform X4

    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cl08246
    Location:6 → 95
    MHC_I; Class I Histocompatibility antigen, domains alpha 1 and 2
    cl11960
    Location:107 → 189
    Ig; Immunoglobulin domain
Nucleotide Protein Strain
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q8HWE5.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q8HWE5

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