Gdf15 growth differentiation factor 15 [Mus musculus (house mouse)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Gdf15provided by MGI
Official Full Name: growth differentiation factor 15provided by MGI
Primary source: MGI:MGI:1346047
See related: Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000038508 AllianceGenome:MGI:1346047
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Mus musculus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
Also known as: SBF; MIC-1; NAG-1
Summary: This gene encodes a secreted ligand of the TGF-beta (transforming growth factor-beta) superfamily of proteins. Ligands of this family bind various TGF-beta receptors leading to recruitment and activation of SMAD family transcription factors that regulate gene expression. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate each subunit of the disulfide-linked homodimer. The protein is expressed in a broad range of cell types, acts as a pleiotropic cytokine and is involved in the stress response program of cells after cellular injury. Increased protein levels are associated with disease states such as tissue hypoxia, inflammation, acute injury and oxidative stress. Mice lacking a functional copy of this gene exhibit progressive loss of motor neurons, and more rapid blood clot formation. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2016]
Expression: Broad expression in colon adult (RPKM 10.6), liver adult (RPKM 10.3) and 19 other tissues See more
Orthologs: all
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Genomic context

Location:: 8 B3.3; 8 34.15 cM

Exon count:: 3

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27)	8	NC_000074.7 (71082043..71085106, complement)
108.20200622	previous assembly	GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26)	8	NC_000074.6 (70629393..70632470, complement)

Chromosome 8 - NC_000074.7 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
BioProject: PRJNA66167
Publication: PMID 25409824
Analysis date: n/a

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

GDF15 is dispensable for the insulin-sensitizing effects of chronic exercise.
Title: GDF15 is dispensable for the insulin-sensitizing effects of chronic exercise.
Adipose tissue macrophage infiltration and hepatocyte stress increase GDF-15 throughout development of obesity to MASH.
Title: Adipose tissue macrophage infiltration and hepatocyte stress increase GDF-15 throughout development of obesity to MASH.
Transcription factor EGR2 alleviates autoimmune uveitis via activation of GDF15 to modulate the retinal microglial phenotype.
Title: Transcription factor EGR2 alleviates autoimmune uveitis via activation of GDF15 to modulate the retinal microglial phenotype.
GDF15 attenuates sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction by inhibiting cardiomyocytes ferroptosis via the SOCS1/GPX4 signaling pathway.
Title: GDF15 attenuates sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction by inhibiting cardiomyocytes ferroptosis via the SOCS1/GPX4 signaling pathway.
GDF15 controls primary cilia morphology and function thereby affecting progenitor proliferation.
Title: GDF15 controls primary cilia morphology and function thereby affecting progenitor proliferation.
Lung Epithelium Releases Growth Differentiation Factor 15 in Response to Pathogen-mediated Injury.
Title: Lung Epithelium Releases Growth Differentiation Factor 15 in Response to Pathogen-mediated Injury.
GDF-15 Suppresses Puromycin Aminonucleoside-Induced Podocyte Injury by Reducing Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Glomerular Inflammation.
Title: GDF-15 Suppresses Puromycin Aminonucleoside-Induced Podocyte Injury by Reducing Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Glomerular Inflammation.
GDF15 activates AMPK and inhibits gluconeogenesis and fibrosis in the liver by attenuating the TGF-beta1/SMAD3 pathway.
Title: GDF15 activates AMPK and inhibits gluconeogenesis and fibrosis in the liver by attenuating the TGF-β1/SMAD3 pathway.
Growth differentiation factor-15 is an IFN-gamma regulated mediator of infection-induced weight loss and the hepatic FGF21 response.
Title: Growth differentiation factor-15 is an IFN-γ regulated mediator of infection-induced weight loss and the hepatic FGF21 response.
Fatty Acids Increase GDF15 and Reduce Food Intake Through a GFRAL Signaling Axis.
Title: Fatty Acids Increase GDF15 and Reduce Food Intake Through a GFRAL Signaling Axis.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (117)

Variation

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Alleles

Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI)

Endonuclease-mediated (11) 1 citation
Targeted (9) 1 citation

General gene information

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Markers

UniSTS:496654 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:496654

Gdf15 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:496654

Gdf15 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:259367

Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables cytokine activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables cytokine activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables cytokine activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables cytokine activity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
enables cytokine activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables growth factor activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables hormone activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables hormone activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables hormone activity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
enables hormone activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables protein homodimerization activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables protein homodimerization activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein homodimerization activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in GDF15-GFRAL signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in GDF15-GFRAL signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in GDF15-GFRAL signaling pathway	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in GDF15-GFRAL signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in GDF15-GFRAL signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cell surface receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in cellular response to chemical stress	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to chemical stress	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in energy homeostasis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of SMAD protein signal transduction	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of SMAD protein signal transduction	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of SMAD protein signal transduction	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of appetite	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in negative regulation of appetite	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of appetite	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of appetite	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of appetite	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of growth hormone receptor signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of leukocyte migration	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of multicellular organism growth	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of MAPK cascade	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of MAPK cascade	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of MAPK cascade	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of MAPK cascade	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of fatty acid oxidation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of myoblast fusion	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in reduction of food intake in response to dietary excess	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in reduction of food intake in response to dietary excess	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in reduction of food intake in response to dietary excess	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in reduction of food intake in response to dietary excess	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in reduction of food intake in response to dietary excess	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in reduction of food intake in response to dietary excess	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in response to metformin	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in response to metformin	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to metformin	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in Golgi apparatus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in Golgi apparatus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in cytoplasm	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in cytoplasm	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in cytoplasm	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
is_active_in extracellular region	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in extracellular region	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular region	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
is_active_in extracellular region	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in extracellular region	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in extracellular region	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in nucleus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in nucleus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in nucleus	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: growth/differentiation factor 15

Names: macrophage inhibiting cytokine-1; macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001330687.1 → NP_001317616.1 growth/differentiation factor 15 preproprotein

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AC157774, AK159242

Consensus CDS

CCDS22376.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q6NX63, Q9Z0J7

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q3UNI4

Related

ENSMUSP00000105730.2, ENSMUST00000110103.2

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cl40434
Location:203 → 303

TGF_beta_SF; transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) like domain found in TGF-beta superfamily
NM_011819.4 → NP_035949.2 growth/differentiation factor 15 preproprotein

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_035949.2

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AC157774

Consensus CDS

CCDS22376.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q6NX63, Q9Z0J7

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q3UNI4

Related

ENSMUSP00000003808.8, ENSMUST00000003808.8

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cl40434
Location:203 → 303

TGF_beta_SF; transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) like domain found in TGF-beta superfamily