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PADI4 peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 23569, updated on 28-Nov-2021

Summary

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Official Symbol
PADI4provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
peptidyl arginine deiminase 4provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:18368
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000159339 MIM:605347
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
PAD; PAD4; PDI4; PDI5; PADI5
Summary
This gene is a member of a gene family which encodes enzymes responsible for the conversion of arginine residues to citrulline residues. This gene may play a role in granulocyte and macrophage development leading to inflammation and immune response. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Expression
Restricted expression toward bone marrow (RPKM 64.4) See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

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See PADI4 in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
1p36.13
Exon count:
18
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
109.20211119 current GRCh38.p13 (GCF_000001405.39) 1 NC_000001.11 (17308195..17364004)
105.20201022 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 1 NC_000001.10 (17634692..17690499)

Chromosome 1 - NC_000001.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene peptidyl arginine deiminase 1 Neighboring gene peptidyl arginine deiminase 3 Neighboring gene microRNA 3972 Neighboring gene peptidyl arginine deiminase 6 Neighboring gene RCC2 antisense RNA 1 Neighboring gene regulator of chromosome condensation 2

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. [Effect of PADI4 on the Expression of Inflammatory Cytokines During NB4 Cells Differentiation]. Guo QW, et al. Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi, 2021 Aug. PMID 34362483
  2. Viral mimetic poly(I:C) induces neutrophil extracellular traps via PAD4 to promote inflammation and thrombosis. Ai P, et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2021 Aug 6. PMID 34098313
  3. Peptidylarginine Deiminase 4 as a Possible Biomarker of Plaque Instability in Carotid Artery Stenosis. Shimonaga K, et al. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis, 2021 Jul. PMID 33906071
  4. PAD4 takes charge during neutrophil activation: Impact of PAD4 mediated NET formation on immune-mediated disease. Liu X, et al. J Thromb Haemost, 2021 Jul. PMID 33773016, Free PMC Article
  5. Inhibition of PAD4 enhances radiosensitivity and inhibits aggressive phenotypes of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Chen H, et al. Cell Mol Biol Lett, 2021 Mar 16. PMID 33726680, Free PMC Article

See all (186) citations in PubMed

See citations in PubMed for homologs of this gene provided by HomoloGene

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Do RA associated HLA-DR molecules bind citrullinated peptides or peptides from PAD4 to help the development of RA specific antibodies to citrullinated proteins?
    Title: Do RA associated HLA-DR molecules bind citrullinated peptides or peptides from PAD4 to help the development of RA specific antibodies to citrullinated proteins?
  2. Viral mimetic poly(I:C) induces neutrophil extracellular traps via PAD4 to promote inflammation and thrombosis.
    Title: Viral mimetic poly(I:C) induces neutrophil extracellular traps via PAD4 to promote inflammation and thrombosis.
  3. Inhibition of PAD4 enhances radiosensitivity and inhibits aggressive phenotypes of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells.
    Title: Inhibition of PAD4 enhances radiosensitivity and inhibits aggressive phenotypes of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells.
  4. Autocitrullination of PAD4 does not alter its enzymatic activity: In vitro and in silico studies.
    Title: Autocitrullination of PAD4 does not alter its enzymatic activity: In vitro and in silico studies.
  5. Factors Associated with Promoted Proliferation of Osteosarcoma by Peptidylarginine Deiminase 4.
    Title: Factors Associated with Promoted Proliferation of Osteosarcoma by Peptidylarginine Deiminase 4.
  6. Peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 and its potential role in Alzheimer's disease.
    Title: Peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 and its potential role in Alzheimer's disease.
  7. PAD4 takes charge during neutrophil activation: Impact of PAD4 mediated NET formation on immune-mediated disease.
    Title: PAD4 takes charge during neutrophil activation: Impact of PAD4 mediated NET formation on immune-mediated disease.
  8. [Effect of PADI4 on the Expression of Inflammatory Cytokines During NB4 Cells Differentiation].
    Title: [Effect of PADI4 on the Expression of Inflammatory Cytokines During NB4 Cells Differentiation].
  9. Peptidylarginine Deiminase 4 as a Possible Biomarker of Plaque Instability in Carotid Artery Stenosis.
    Title: Peptidylarginine Deiminase 4 as a Possible Biomarker of Plaque Instability in Carotid Artery Stenosis.
  10. Analysis of Polymorphisms rs7093069-IL-2RA, rs7138803-FAIM2, and rs1748033-PADI4 in the Group of Adolescents With Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases.
    Title: Analysis of Polymorphisms rs7093069-IL-2RA, rs7138803-FAIM2, and rs1748033-PADI4 in the Group of Adolescents With Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (153)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Associated conditions

Description Tests
Common variants on 1p36 and 1q42 are associated with cutaneous basal cell carcinoma but not with melanoma or pigmentation traits.
GeneReviews: Not available
Genetics of rheumatoid arthritis contributes to biology and drug discovery.
GeneReviews: Not available
Genome-wide association study of rheumatoid arthritis in Koreans: population-specific loci as well as overlap with European susceptibility loci.
GeneReviews: Not available
The human AIRE gene at chromosome 21q22 is a genetic determinant for the predisposition to rheumatoid arthritis in Japanese population.
GeneReviews: Not available

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Genotypes

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables arginine binding IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
enables calcium ion binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables calcium ion binding IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
enables identical protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein-arginine deiminase activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein-arginine deiminase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein-arginine deiminase activity IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein-arginine deiminase activity TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in cellular protein modification process TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in chromatin organization ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in chromatin organization TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
involved_in chromatin remodeling ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in histone H3-R26 citrullination IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in histone citrullination IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in histone citrullination IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in innate immune response IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in nucleosome assembly ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in protein citrullination IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in protein citrullination IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in stem cell population maintenance ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
is_active_in cytoplasm IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 PubMed 
located_in cytosol TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
located_in nucleoplasm TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
is_active_in nucleus IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 PubMed 
located_in nucleus IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
part_of protein-containing complex IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 

General protein information

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Preferred Names
protein-arginine deiminase type-4
Names
HL-60 PAD
PADI-H protein
peptidyl arginine deiminase, type IV
peptidyl arginine deiminase, type V
protein-arginine deiminase type IV
NP_036519.2
XP_011539452.1
XP_011539453.1
XP_011539454.1
XP_011539455.1
XP_011539456.1
XP_011539457.1
XP_011539458.1
XP_011539459.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

  1. NG_023261.2 RefSeqGene

    Range
    5009..60815
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_012387.3 → NP_036519.2  protein-arginine deiminase type-4

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_036519.2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AB017919, AC004824, AK314839
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS180.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q9UM07
    Related
    ENSP00000364597.4, ENST00000375448.4
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    pfam03068
    Location:286 → 660
    PAD; Protein-arginine deiminase (PAD)
    pfam08526
    Location:1 → 111
    PAD_N; Protein-arginine deiminase (PAD) N-terminal domain
    pfam08527
    Location:113 → 272
    PAD_M; Protein-arginine deiminase (PAD) middle domain

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: Homo sapiens Updated Annotation Release 109.20211119

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p13 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000001.11 Reference GRCh38.p13 Primary Assembly

    Range
    17308195..17364004
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_011541151.1 → XP_011539453.1  protein-arginine deiminase type-4 isoform X2

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011539453.1

    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    pfam03068
    Location:286 → 560
    PAD; Protein-arginine deiminase (PAD)
    pfam08526
    Location:1 → 111
    PAD_N; Protein-arginine deiminase (PAD) N-terminal domain
    pfam08527
    Location:113 → 272
    PAD_M; Protein-arginine deiminase (PAD) middle domain

  2. XM_011541156.1 → XP_011539458.1  protein-arginine deiminase type-4 isoform X6

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011539458.1

    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    pfam03068
    Location:286 → 383
    PAD; Protein-arginine deiminase (PAD)
    pfam08526
    Location:1 → 111
    PAD_N; Protein-arginine deiminase (PAD) N-terminal domain
    pfam08527
    Location:113 → 272
    PAD_M; Protein-arginine deiminase (PAD) middle domain

  3. XM_011541154.2 → XP_011539456.1  protein-arginine deiminase type-4 isoform X4

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011539456.1

    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    pfam03068
    Location:286 → 395
    PAD; Protein-arginine deiminase (PAD)
    pfam08526
    Location:1 → 111
    PAD_N; Protein-arginine deiminase (PAD) N-terminal domain
    pfam08527
    Location:113 → 272
    PAD_M; Protein-arginine deiminase (PAD) middle domain

  4. XM_011541153.1 → XP_011539455.1  protein-arginine deiminase type-4 isoform X4

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011539455.1

    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    pfam03068
    Location:286 → 395
    PAD; Protein-arginine deiminase (PAD)
    pfam08526
    Location:1 → 111
    PAD_N; Protein-arginine deiminase (PAD) N-terminal domain
    pfam08527
    Location:113 → 272
    PAD_M; Protein-arginine deiminase (PAD) middle domain

  5. XM_011541155.1 → XP_011539457.1  protein-arginine deiminase type-4 isoform X5

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011539457.1

    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    pfam03068
    Location:286 → 383
    PAD; Protein-arginine deiminase (PAD)
    pfam08526
    Location:1 → 111
    PAD_N; Protein-arginine deiminase (PAD) N-terminal domain
    pfam08527
    Location:113 → 272
    PAD_M; Protein-arginine deiminase (PAD) middle domain

  6. XM_011541150.1 → XP_011539452.1  protein-arginine deiminase type-4 isoform X1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011539452.1

    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    pfam03068
    Location:224 → 598
    PAD; Protein-arginine deiminase (PAD)
    pfam08526
    Location:1 → 111
    PAD_N; Protein-arginine deiminase (PAD) N-terminal domain
    pfam08527
    Location:114 → 210
    PAD_M; Protein-arginine deiminase (PAD) middle domain

  7. XM_011541157.1 → XP_011539459.1  protein-arginine deiminase type-4 isoform X7

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011539459.1

    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam03068
    Location:1 → 363
    PAD; Protein-arginine deiminase (PAD)

  8. XM_011541152.1 → XP_011539454.1  protein-arginine deiminase type-4 isoform X3

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011539454.1

    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    pfam03068
    Location:107 → 481
    PAD; Protein-arginine deiminase (PAD)
    pfam08527
    Location:1 → 93
    PAD_M; Protein-arginine deiminase (PAD) middle domain

Reference GRCh38.p13 PATCHES

Genomic

  1. NW_011332688.1 Reference GRCh38.p13 PATCHES

    Range
    153421..209227
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q9UM07.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q9UM07

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