Syna syncytin a [Mus musculus (house mouse)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Synaprovided by MGI
Official Full Name: syncytin aprovided by MGI
Primary source: MGI:MGI:2684898
See related: Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000085957 AllianceGenome:MGI:2684898
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Mus musculus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
Also known as: Gm52; Gm453; syncytin-A
Summary: Many different endogenous retrovirus families are expressed in normal placental tissue at high levels, suggesting that endogenous retroviruses are functionally important in reproduction. This gene is part of a mouse endogenous retrovirus provirus on chromosome 5 that has inactivating mutations in the gag and pol genes. This gene is the envelope glycoprotein gene which appears to have been selectively preserved. The gene's protein product plays a major role in placental development and trophoblast fusion. The protein has the characteristics of a typical retroviral envelope protein, including a cleavage site that separates the surface (SU) and transmembrane (TM) proteins which form a heterodimer. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015]
Expression: Biased expression in placenta adult (RPKM 3.7), duodenum adult (RPKM 1.9) and 10 other tissues See more
Orthologs: all
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Genomic context

Location:: 5; 5 G2

Exon count:: 7

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
109	current	GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27)	5	NC_000071.7 (134586108..134605891, complement)
108.20200622	previous assembly	GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26)	5	NC_000071.6 (134557254..134577038, complement)

Chromosome 5 - NC_000071.7 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

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Expression

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See details

Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
BioProject: PRJNA66167
Publication: PMID 25409824
Analysis date: n/a

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Serum lipocalin-2 concentrations and mortality of severe traumatic brain injury
Title: Inducible knockout of Syncytin-A gene leads to an extensive placental vasculature deficiency, implications for preeclampsia.
Knocking down Ly6e greatly reduced SynA-induced cell fusion, thus suggesting that Ly6e is the sole receptor for SynA in vivo.
Title: A Cell Fusion-Based Screening Method Identifies Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored Protein Ly6e as the Receptor for Mouse Endogenous Retroviral Envelope Syncytin-A.
Knockdown of Syncytin-A demonstrated a functional regulation of cell-cell fusion, where knockdown of Peg10 showed no involvement in cell fusion
Title: Regulation of murine placentogenesis by the retroviral genes Syncytin-A, Syncytin-B and Peg10.
syncytin-A and -B are required for formation of the two-layered murine placental syncytiotrophoblast
Title: A pair of co-opted retroviral envelope syncytin genes is required for formation of the two-layered murine placental syncytiotrophoblast.
Syncytin-A is essential for trophoblast cell differentiation and syncytiotrophoblast morphogenesis during placenta development.
Title: Syncytin-A knockout mice demonstrate the critical role in placentation of a fusogenic, endogenous retrovirus-derived, envelope gene.
Syna is expressed in a layer immediately below the maternal blood spaces.
Title: Early patterning of the chorion leads to the trilaminar trophoblast cell structure in the placental labyrinth.
findings show that in both humans and mice, one of the two syncytins (human syncytin-2 and mouse syncytin-B) is immunosuppressive and, rather unexpectedly, the other (human syncytin-1 and mouse syncytin-A) is not
Title: Placental syncytins: Genetic disjunction between the fusogenic and immunosuppressive activity of retroviral envelope proteins.
present evidence in support of the direct role for syncytin-A in mouse trophoblast stem cell fusion and differentiation involved in placental dev
Title: Syncytin-A mediates the formation of syncytiotrophoblast involved in mouse placental development.
syncytin-A is a candidate regulator of fusion from retroviral origin
Title: Functional characterization of syncytin-A, a newly murine endogenous virus envelope protein. Implication for its fusion mechanism.
critical role of syncytin-A and -B in syncytiotrophoblast formation, a situation where two pairs of endogenous retroviruses, independently acquired by primate and rodent lineages, were selected for a convergent physiological role. (syncytin-A, syncytin-B)
Title: Syncytin-A and syncytin-B, two fusogenic placenta-specific murine envelope genes of retroviral origin conserved in Muridae.

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Variation

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Alleles

Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI)

Targeted (2) 1 citation

General gene information

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Markers

Syna (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:548131

Homology

Orthologs from Annotation Pipeline: 5 organisms have orthologs with mouse gene Syna
Orthologs

Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
acts_upstream_of_or_within labyrinthine layer development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within multicellular organism development	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within myoblast fusion	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within myoblast fusion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info	PubMed
involved_in syncytium formation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in syncytium formation by plasma membrane fusion	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within syncytium formation by plasma membrane fusion	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within syncytium formation by plasma membrane fusion	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in syncytium formation by plasma membrane fusion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in plasma membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: syncytin-A

Names: envelope glycoprotein syncytin-A

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.