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par-1 Serine/threonine-protein kinase par-1;non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase [ Caenorhabditis elegans ]

Gene ID: 179912, updated on 30-Jul-2025
Official Symbol
par-1
Official Full Name
Serine/threonine-protein kinase par-1;non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase
Primary source
WormBase:WBGene00003916
Locus tag
CELE_H39E23.1
See related
AllianceGenome:WB:WBGene00003916
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Caenorhabditis elegans (strain: Bristol N2)
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Nematoda; Chromadorea; Rhabditida; Rhabditina; Rhabditomorpha; Rhabditoidea; Rhabditidae; Peloderinae; Caenorhabditis
Summary
Enables myosin II tail binding activity; protein serine/threonine kinase activity; and ubiquitin protein ligase binding activity. Involved in several processes, including asymmetric neuroblast division; asymmetric protein localization involved in cell fate determination; and vulval development. Located in P granule and cell cortex. Is expressed in several structures, including P0; Psub1; germ line; nervous system; and oocyte. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in visual impairment and progressive phthisis bulbi. Orthologous to several human genes including MARK2 (microtubule affinity regulating kinase 2). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jul 2025]
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See par-1 in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
chromosome: V
Exon count:
24
Sequence:
Chromosome: V; NC_003283.11 (14112033..14145367, complement)

Chromosome V - NC_003283.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene Filaggrin-like Neighboring gene Neurofilament heavy polypeptide-like Neighboring gene T20D4.11-like domain-containing protein Neighboring gene ncRNA Neighboring gene ncRNA Neighboring gene ncRNA Neighboring gene Ovule protein Neighboring gene ncRNA Neighboring gene fatty Acid CoA Synthetase family Neighboring gene ncRNA Neighboring gene ncRNA

Genomic Sequence:
NC_003283.11

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Related articles in PubMed

  1. Genes affecting early development in Caenorhabditis elegans. Hirsh D, et al. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol, 1985. PMID 3868503
  2. Determination of cell division axes in the early embryogenesis of Caenorhabditis elegans. Hyman AA, et al. J Cell Biol, 1987 Nov. PMID 3680373, Free PMC Article
  3. Regulation of Cell Polarity by PAR-1/MARK Kinase. Wu Y, et al. Curr Top Dev Biol, 2017. PMID 28236972, Free PMC Article
  4. High-Temporal-Resolution smFISH Method for Gene Expression Studies in Caenorhabditis elegans Embryos. Charles S, et al. Anal Chem, 2021 Jan 26. PMID 33355449, Free PMC Article
  5. Genomic organization and expression analysis for hcstk, a serine/threonine protein kinase gene of Haemonchus contortus, and comparison with Caenorhabditis elegans par-1. Nikolaou S, et al. Gene, 2004 Dec 22. PMID 15588586

See all (191) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Inhibition of PAR-1 delays aging via activating AMPK in C. elegans.
    Title: Inhibition of PAR-1 delays aging via activating AMPK in C. elegans.
  2. asymmetric localization of PAR-1 protein is not essential, and that PAR-1 kinase activity is regulated spatially in Caenorhabditis elegans zygotes
    Title: Spatial regulation of the polarity kinase PAR-1 by parallel inhibitory mechanisms.
  3. a circuit consisting of aPKC and the PRBH-domain protein ensures the local recruitment of PAR-1 to a well-defined cortical compartment
    Title: Establishment of the PAR-1 cortical gradient by the aPKC-PRBH circuit.
  4. Phosphorylation of FEZ1 by par-1 regulates its function in presynaptic protein trafficking.
    Title: Phosphorylation of FEZ1 by Microtubule Affinity Regulating Kinases regulates its function in presynaptic protein trafficking.
  5. Results indicate that PAR-5 protein acts in a mechanism with PAR-1 protein to regulate LET-99 protein cortical localization.
    Title: The 14-3-3 protein PAR-5 regulates the asymmetric localization of the LET-99 spindle positioning protein.
  6. The par-1 protein is a possible cooperation and involvement in postembryo lethality, developmental timing, as well as SNARE protein trafficking.
    Title: par-1, atypical pkc, and PP2A/B55 sur-6 are implicated in the regulation of exocyst-mediated membrane trafficking in Caenorhabditis elegans.
  7. DNA replication is asymmetrically regulated in the two-cell stage embryo and the PAR-4 and PAR-1 polarity proteins dampen DNA replication dynamics specifically in the posterior blastomere.
    Title: PAR-4/LKB1 regulates DNA replication during asynchronous division of the early C. elegans embryo.
  8. Data indicates that MAP kinase signaling antagonizes PAR-1 signaling during early embryonic polarization.
    Title: MAP kinase signaling antagonizes PAR-1 function during polarization of the early Caenorhabditis elegans embryo.
  9. vivo. PAR-1 and PAR-4 kinase activities are required for the phosphorylation of S458, providing a link between PAR polarity proteins and the cytoplasmic asymmetry of MEX-5
    Title: MEX-5 asymmetry in one-cell C. elegans embryos requires PAR-4- and PAR-1-dependent phosphorylation.
  10. The casein kinase 1 gamma CSNK-1 and a PIP(2) synthesis enzyme (PPK-1) transduce PAR polarity to asymmetric Galpha regulation.
    Title: A casein kinase 1 and PAR proteins regulate asymmetry of a PIP(2) synthesis enzyme for asymmetric spindle positioning.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (13)
Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

Markers

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by WormBase

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables ATP binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables kinase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables metal ion binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables myosin II tail binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables nucleotide binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein kinase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables protein serine kinase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables tau-protein kinase activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables transferase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables ubiquitin protein ligase binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in asymmetric neuroblast division IGI
Inferred from Genetic Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in asymmetric protein localization involved in cell fate determination IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in embryonic pattern specification IGI
Inferred from Genetic Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in embryonic pattern specification IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in establishment of cell polarity IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in establishment or maintenance of cell polarity IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in intracellular signal transduction IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in microtubule cytoskeleton organization IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in polarity specification of anterior/posterior axis TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in vulval development IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in P granule IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in cell cortex IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in cell cortex IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in cell periphery IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
is_active_in cytoplasm IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in cytoplasm IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in cytoplasm IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Preferred Names
Serine/threonine-protein kinase par-1;non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase
NP_001024018.1
  • Confirmed by transcript evidence
NP_001024019.1
  • Partially confirmed by transcript evidence
NP_001041145.1
  • Confirmed by transcript evidence
NP_001122967.2
  • Partially confirmed by transcript evidence
NP_001256559.1
  • Confirmed by transcript evidence
NP_001256560.1
  • Partially confirmed by transcript evidence
NP_001256561.1
  • Confirmed by transcript evidence
NP_001256562.1
  • Confirmed by transcript evidence
NP_001256563.1
  • Confirmed by transcript evidence
NP_001256564.1
  • Partially confirmed by transcript evidence
NP_001294690.1
  • Partially confirmed by transcript evidence
NP_001359744.1
  • Partially confirmed by transcript evidence
NP_001380226.1
  • Partially confirmed by transcript evidence

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_003283.11 Reference assembly

    Range
    14112033..14145367 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001373155.1 → NP_001359744.1  Serine/threonine-protein kinase par-1 [Caenorhabditis elegans]

    Status: REVIEWED

    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd14072
    Location:105 → 357
    STKc_MARK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinases, MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinases

  2. NM_001028847.4 → NP_001024018.1  Serine/threonine-protein kinase par-1 [Caenorhabditis elegans]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001024018.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B1Q266, E0AHE2, E0AHE3, E1B6W1, G5EE60, G5EE76, H2L2K6, H2L2K7, N1NTJ6, Q17346, Q17368, Q1ZXR3, Q9TVG6, Q9TW45
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    cd12196
    Location:1093 → 1190
    MARK1-3_C; C-terminal, kinase associated domain 1 (KA1), a phospholipid binding domain, of microtubule affinity-regulating kinases 1-3
    smart00220
    Location:170 → 421
    S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain
    cd14072
    Location:169 → 421
    STKc_MARK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinases, MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinases

  3. NM_001269631.3 → NP_001256560.1  Serine/threonine-protein kinase par-1 [Caenorhabditis elegans]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001256560.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q9TW45
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    cd12196
    Location:1101 → 1198
    MARK1-3_C; C-terminal, kinase associated domain 1 (KA1), a phospholipid binding domain, of microtubule affinity-regulating kinases 1-3
    smart00220
    Location:170 → 421
    S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain
    cd14072
    Location:169 → 421
    STKc_MARK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinases, MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinases

  4. NM_001028848.4 → NP_001024019.1  Serine/threonine-protein kinase par-1 [Caenorhabditis elegans]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001024019.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q9TW45
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    cd12196
    Location:997 → 1094
    MARK1-3_C; C-terminal, kinase associated domain 1 (KA1), a phospholipid binding domain, of microtubule affinity-regulating kinases 1-3
    smart00220
    Location:122 → 373
    S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain
    cd14072
    Location:121 → 373
    STKc_MARK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinases, MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinases

  5. NM_001392649.1 → NP_001380226.1  non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase [Caenorhabditis elegans]

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A2C9C376
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd14072
    Location:268 → 520
    STKc_MARK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinases, MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinases

  6. NM_001307761.3 → NP_001294690.1  Serine/threonine-protein kinase par-1 [Caenorhabditis elegans]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001294690.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q9TW45
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    cd12196
    Location:1007 → 1104
    MARK1-3_C; C-terminal, kinase associated domain 1 (KA1), a phospholipid binding domain, of microtubule affinity-regulating kinases 1-3
    smart00220
    Location:84 → 335
    S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain
    cd14072
    Location:83 → 335
    STKc_MARK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinases, MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinases

  7. NM_001269630.3 → NP_001256559.1  Serine/threonine-protein kinase par-1 [Caenorhabditis elegans]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001256559.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q9TW45
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    cd12196
    Location:1004 → 1101
    MARK1-3_C; C-terminal, kinase associated domain 1 (KA1), a phospholipid binding domain, of microtubule affinity-regulating kinases 1-3
    smart00220
    Location:81 → 332
    S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain
    cd14072
    Location:80 → 332
    STKc_MARK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinases, MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinases

  8. NM_001047680.4 → NP_001041145.1  Serine/threonine-protein kinase par-1 [Caenorhabditis elegans]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001041145.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q9TW45
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    cd12196
    Location:963 → 1060
    MARK1-3_C; C-terminal, kinase associated domain 1 (KA1), a phospholipid binding domain, of microtubule affinity-regulating kinases 1-3
    smart00220
    Location:40 → 291
    S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain
    cd14072
    Location:39 → 291
    STKc_MARK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinases, MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinases

  9. NM_001129495.4 → NP_001122967.2  Serine/threonine-protein kinase par-1 [Caenorhabditis elegans]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001122967.2

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q9TW45
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    cd12196
    Location:1117 → 1214
    MARK1-3_C; C-terminal, kinase associated domain 1 (KA1), a phospholipid binding domain, of microtubule affinity-regulating kinases 1-3
    smart00220
    Location:106 → 357
    S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain
    cd14072
    Location:105 → 357
    STKc_MARK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinases, MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinases

  10. NM_001269632.3 → NP_001256561.1  Serine/threonine-protein kinase par-1 [Caenorhabditis elegans]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001256561.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q9TW45
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    cd12196
    Location:942 → 1039
    MARK1-3_C; C-terminal, kinase associated domain 1 (KA1), a phospholipid binding domain, of microtubule affinity-regulating kinases 1-3
    smart00220
    Location:19 → 270
    S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain
    cd14072
    Location:18 → 270
    STKc_MARK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinases, MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinases

  11. NM_001269633.3 → NP_001256562.1  Serine/threonine-protein kinase par-1 [Caenorhabditis elegans]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001256562.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q9TW45
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd12196
    Location:606 → 703
    MARK1-3_C; C-terminal, kinase associated domain 1 (KA1), a phospholipid binding domain, of microtubule affinity-regulating kinases 1-3

  12. NM_001269634.3 → NP_001256563.1  Serine/threonine-protein kinase par-1 [Caenorhabditis elegans]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001256563.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q9TW45
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd12196
    Location:495 → 592
    MARK1-3_C; C-terminal, kinase associated domain 1 (KA1), a phospholipid binding domain, of microtubule affinity-regulating kinases 1-3

  13. NM_001269635.3 → NP_001256564.1  Serine/threonine-protein kinase par-1 [Caenorhabditis elegans]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001256564.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q9TW45
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd12196
    Location:130 → 227
    MARK1-3_C; C-terminal, kinase associated domain 1 (KA1), a phospholipid binding domain, of microtubule affinity-regulating kinases 1-3
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q9TW45.1

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