glr-1 Glutamate receptor 1 [Caenorhabditis elegans] - Gene

Summary

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Official Symbol: glr-1
Official Full Name: Glutamate receptor 1
Primary source: WormBase:WBGene00001612
Locus tag: CELE_C06E1.4
See related: AllianceGenome:WB:WBGene00001612
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans (strain: Bristol N2)
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Nematoda; Chromadorea; Rhabditida; Rhabditina; Rhabditomorpha; Rhabditoidea; Rhabditidae; Peloderinae; Caenorhabditis
Summary: Enables enzyme binding activity and glutamate-gated receptor activity. Involved in several processes, including forward locomotion; learning or memory; and positive regulation of backward locomotion. Located in several cellular components, including neuron projection membrane; perinuclear endoplasmic reticulum; and postsynaptic membrane. Part of ionotropic glutamate receptor complex. Is expressed in ganglia; neurons; and ventral nerve cord. Used to study neurodegenerative disease. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in Huntington's disease; epilepsy (multiple); intellectual disability (multiple); and schizophrenia. Orthologous to several human genes including GRIA2 (glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 2) and GRIA3 (glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 3). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jul 2025]
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Genomic context

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See glr-1 in Genome Data Viewer

Location:: chromosome: III

Exon count:: 14

Sequence:: Chromosome: III; NC_003281.10 (8584163..8588642, complement)

Chromosome III - NC_003281.10 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:: NC_003281.10

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Role of GLR-1 in Age-Dependent Short-Term Memory Decline.
Title: Role of GLR-1 in Age-Dependent Short-Term Memory Decline.
VER/VEGF receptors regulate AMPA receptor surface levels and glutamatergic behavior.
Title: VER/VEGF receptors regulate AMPA receptor surface levels and glutamatergic behavior.
Low concentrations of quinine are decoded in interneuron AIB by low-threshold, fast-inactivation glutamate receptor GLR-1 and translated into reversal initiation. In contrast, high concentrations of quinine are decoded by high-threshold, slow-inactivation glutamate receptor GLR-5
Title: Decoding the intensity of sensory input by two glutamate receptors in one C. elegans interneuron.
We also assessed ionotropic glutamate receptor GLR-1 cell-specifically within AIB and determined that GLR-1 fine-tunes AIB activity to modify locomotion following reversal events. Our research highlights that signal integration underlying the initiation and fine-tuning of backwards locomotion is AIB and NPR-9 dependent, and has demonstrated the suitability of C. elegans for analysis of multisensory integration
Title: NPR-9, a Galanin-Like G-Protein Coupled Receptor, and GLR-1 Regulate Interneuronal Circuitry Underlying Multisensory Integration of Environmental Cues in Caenorhabditis elegans.
We propose a model in which synaptic activity regulates the nuclear localization of CMK-1 to mediate a negative feedback mechanism coupling GLR-1 activity with its own transcription.
Title: The CaM Kinase CMK-1 Mediates a Negative Feedback Mechanism Coupling the C. elegans Glutamate Receptor GLR-1 with Its Own Transcription.
Mutants lacking p38 MAPK components pmk-1 or sek-1 resemble mutants lacking the hypoxia response component and prolyl hydroxylase egl-9, with impaired subcellular localization of Mint orthologue LIN-10, internalization of glutamate receptor GLR-1, and depression of GLR-1-mediated behaviors.
Title: The p38 MAP kinase pathway modulates the hypoxia response and glutamate receptor trafficking in aging neurons.
KEL-8 is a substrate receptor for Cullin 3 ubiquitin ligases that is required for the proteolysis of GLR-1 receptors and suggest a novel postmitotic role in neurons for Kelch/CUL3 ubiquitin ligases.
Title: KEL-8 is a substrate receptor for CUL3-dependent ubiquitin ligase that regulates synaptic glutamate receptor turnover.
WDR-20 and WDR-48 form a complex with USP-46 and stimulate the DUB to deubiquitinate and stabilize GLR-1 in vivo.
Title: The WD40-repeat proteins WDR-20 and WDR-48 bind and activate the deubiquitinating enzyme USP-46 to promote the abundance of the glutamate receptor GLR-1 in the ventral nerve cord of Caenorhabditis elegans.
glr-1 is required for long-term memory for habituation and memory for context conditioning.
Title: Genetic dissection of memory for associative and non-associative learning in Caenorhabditis elegans.
Study indicates kinesin KLP-4 as a novel regulator of anterograde GLR-1 glutamate receptors trafficking and reveals a cellular control mechanism by which receptor cargo is targeted for degradation in tje absence of its motor.
Title: The kinesin-3 family motor KLP-4 regulates anterograde trafficking of GLR-1 glutamate receptors in the ventral nerve cord of Caenorhabditis elegans.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (24)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

C06E1.5 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:320776

C06E1.4 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:308490

Homology

Orthologs from OrthoDB

Gene Ontology Provided by WormBase

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables AMPA glutamate receptor activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
enables enzyme binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables glutamate receptor activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables glutamate-gated receptor activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables glutamate-gated receptor activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables monoatomic ion channel activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables signaling receptor activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in adult locomotory behavior	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in associative learning	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in feeding behavior	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in forward locomotion	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in habituation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in hyperosmotic response	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in ionotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
involved_in modulation of chemical synaptic transmission	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in monoatomic ion transmembrane transport	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in monoatomic ion transport	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of backward locomotion	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of forward locomotion	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of backward locomotion	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of backward locomotion	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to mechanical stimulus	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in response to mechanical stimulus	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in sensory perception of bitter taste	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in short-term memory	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in synaptic transmission, glutamatergic	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in synaptic transmission, glutamatergic	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in thigmotaxis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in cell surface	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in dendrite	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in dendrite	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in dendrite	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
located_in endoplasmic reticulum	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
part_of ionotropic glutamate receptor complex	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
part_of ionotropic glutamate receptor complex	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
part_of ionotropic glutamate receptor complex	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
located_in membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in neuron projection	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in neuron projection membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in neuronal cell body	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in perikaryon	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in perinuclear endoplasmic reticulum	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in plasma membrane	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in plasma membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in plasma membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in postsynaptic density	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in postsynaptic density membrane	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in postsynaptic membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in postsynaptic membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in postsynaptic membrane	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
located_in recycling endosome	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in synapse	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in synapse	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: Glutamate receptor 1

NP_498887.2

Confirmed by transcript evidence

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

NC_003281.10 Reference assembly

Range

8584163..8588642 complement

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_066486.8 → NP_498887.2 Glutamate receptor 1

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_498887.2

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P34299, Q17363

Conserved Domains (4) summary

cd06380
Location:10 → 439

PBP1_iGluR_AMPA; N-terminal leucine/isoleucine/valine-binding protein (LIVBP)-like domain of the AMPA receptor

pfam00060
Location:593 → 867

Lig_chan; Ligand-gated ion channel

pfam01094
Location:44 → 417

ANF_receptor; Receptor family ligand binding region

cl21456
Location:457 → 832

Periplasmic_Binding_Protein_Type_2; Type 2 periplasmic binding fold superfamily