Hk2 hexokinase 2 [Mus musculus (house mouse)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Hk2provided by MGI
Official Full Name: hexokinase 2provided by MGI
Primary source: MGI:MGI:1315197
See related: Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000000628 AllianceGenome:MGI:1315197
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Mus musculus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
Also known as: HKII
Summary: Enables hexokinase activity. Involved in negative regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability and negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process. Acts upstream of or within several processes, including carbohydrate phosphorylation; cellular response to leukemia inhibitory factor; and regulation of D-glucose import. Located in mitochondrion. Is expressed in several structures, including alimentary system; cardiovascular system; genitourinary system; nervous system; and sensory organ. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Orthologous to human HK2 (hexokinase 2). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jul 2025]
Expression: Broad expression in heart adult (RPKM 28.6), genital fat pad adult (RPKM 13.1) and 16 other tissues See more
Orthologs: all
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Genomic context

Location:: 6 C3; 6 35.94 cM

Exon count:: 20

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27)	6	NC_000072.7 (82702004..82751437, complement)
108.20200622	previous assembly	GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26)	6	NC_000072.6 (82725025..82774454, complement)

Chromosome 6 - NC_000072.7 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
BioProject: PRJNA66167
Publication: PMID 25409824
Analysis date: n/a

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

TRPV4-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction induces pyroptosis and cartilage degradation in osteoarthritis via the Drp1-HK2 axis.
Title: TRPV4-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction induces pyroptosis and cartilage degradation in osteoarthritis via the Drp1-HK2 axis.
Metabolic Alterations Caused by Simultaneous Loss of HK2 and PKM2 Leads to Photoreceptor Dysfunction and Degeneration.
Title: Metabolic Alterations Caused by Simultaneous Loss of HK2 and PKM2 Leads to Photoreceptor Dysfunction and Degeneration.
Purinergic receptor P2Y12 boosts autoimmune hepatitis through hexokinase 2-dependent glycolysis in T cells.
Title: Purinergic receptor P2Y12 boosts autoimmune hepatitis through hexokinase 2-dependent glycolysis in T cells.
Activation of HIF-1alpha C-terminal transactivation domain protects against hypoxia-induced kidney injury through hexokinase 2-mediated mitophagy.
Title: Activation of HIF-1α C-terminal transactivation domain protects against hypoxia-induced kidney injury through hexokinase 2-mediated mitophagy.
Stroke-induced hexokinase 2 in circulating monocytes exacerbates vascular inflammation and atheroprogression.
Title: Stroke-induced hexokinase 2 in circulating monocytes exacerbates vascular inflammation and atheroprogression.
Diet-induced loss of adipose hexokinase 2 correlates with hyperglycemia.
Title: Diet-induced loss of adipose hexokinase 2 correlates with hyperglycemia.
Mitochondrial control of microglial phagocytosis by the translocator protein and hexokinase 2 in Alzheimer's disease.
Title: Mitochondrial control of microglial phagocytosis by the translocator protein and hexokinase 2 in Alzheimer's disease.
Dual roles of hexokinase 2 in shaping microglial function by gating glycolytic flux and mitochondrial activity.
Title: Dual roles of hexokinase 2 in shaping microglial function by gating glycolytic flux and mitochondrial activity.
Microglial hexokinase 2 deficiency increases ATP generation through lipid metabolism leading to beta-amyloid clearance.
Title: Microglial hexokinase 2 deficiency increases ATP generation through lipid metabolism leading to β-amyloid clearance.
A non-metabolic function of hexokinase 2 in small cell lung cancer: promotes cancer cell stemness by increasing USP11-mediated CD133 stability.
Title: A non-metabolic function of hexokinase 2 in small cell lung cancer: promotes cancer cell stemness by increasing USP11-mediated CD133 stability.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (62)

Variation

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Alleles

Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI)

Endonuclease-mediated (3)
Targeted (3) 1 citation

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

D4Wox34 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:518675

Hk2 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:506976

D6Mit164 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:130709

AI642394 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:179399

NoName (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:235473

Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables ATP binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables ATP binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables D-glucose binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables D-glucose binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables catalytic activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables fructokinase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables fructokinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables fructokinase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables fructokinase activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables glucokinase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables glucokinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables glucokinase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables glucokinase activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables hexokinase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables hexokinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables hexokinase activity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
enables hexokinase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables hexokinase activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables nucleotide binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables phosphotransferase activity, alcohol group as acceptor	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables transferase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
acts_upstream_of_or_within apoptotic mitochondrial changes	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within apoptotic mitochondrial changes	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in canonical glycolysis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in canonical glycolysis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in carbohydrate metabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in carbohydrate phosphorylation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within carbohydrate phosphorylation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in carbohydrate phosphorylation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within cellular response to leukemia inhibitory factor	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in fructose 6-phosphate metabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in fructose 6-phosphate metabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in fructose 6-phosphate metabolic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in glucose 6-phosphate metabolic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in glucose 6-phosphate metabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in glucose 6-phosphate metabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in glucose 6-phosphate metabolic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in glucose catabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in glucose catabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in glucose metabolic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in glucose metabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within glucose metabolic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in glycolytic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in glycolytic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in hexose metabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in intracellular glucose homeostasis	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in intracellular glucose homeostasis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in lactation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in maintenance of protein location in mitochondrion	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in maintenance of protein location in mitochondrion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of angiogenesis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of angiogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of type 2 mitophagy	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of type 2 mitophagy	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in protein localization to mitochondrion	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of D-glucose import across plasma membrane	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in response to hypoxia	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to ischemia	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to ischemia	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in centrosome	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in cytosol	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in cytosol	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in cytosol	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in mitochondrial outer membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
is_active_in mitochondrial outer membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in mitochondrial outer membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in mitochondrion	HDA more info	PubMed
is_active_in mitochondrion	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in mitochondrion	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in mitochondrion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in sarcoplasmic reticulum	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in sarcoplasmic reticulum	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: hexokinase-2

Names: HK II; hexokinase type II

NP_038848.1

EC 2.7.1.1

XP_017176890.1

EC 2.7.1.1

XP_036021773.1

EC 2.7.1.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_013820.4 → NP_038848.1 hexokinase-2

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_038848.1

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

AC116811

Consensus CDS

CCDS20263.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

O08528

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

E9Q5B5

Related

ENSMUSP00000000642.5, ENSMUST00000000642.11

Conserved Domains (3) summary

PTZ00107
Location:12 → 460

PTZ00107; hexokinase; Provisional

pfam00349
Location:21 → 219

Hexokinase_1; Hexokinase

pfam03727
Location:673 → 907

Hexokinase_2; Hexokinase

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001635.27-RS_2024_02

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

Genomic

NC_000072.7 Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

Range

82702004..82751437 complement

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

XM_017321401.3 → XP_017176890.1 hexokinase-2 isoform X1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

E9Q5B5

Conserved Domains (2) summary

pfam00349
Location:365 → 561

Hexokinase_1

pfam03727
Location:567 → 801

Hexokinase_2
XM_036165880.1 → XP_036021773.1 hexokinase-2 isoform X1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

E9Q5B5

Conserved Domains (2) summary

pfam00349
Location:365 → 561

Hexokinase_1

pfam03727
Location:567 → 801

Hexokinase_2