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ADH1A alcohol dehydrogenase 1A (class I), alpha polypeptide [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 124, updated on 5-Jul-2025
Official Symbol
ADH1Aprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name
alcohol dehydrogenase 1A (class I), alpha polypeptideprovided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:249
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000187758 MIM:103700; AllianceGenome:HGNC:249
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
ADH1
Summary
This gene encodes a member of the alcohol dehydrogenase family. The encoded protein is the alpha subunit of class I alcohol dehydrogenase, which consists of several homo- and heterodimers of alpha, beta and gamma subunits. Alcohol dehydrogenases catalyze the oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes. This gene is active in the liver in early fetal life but only weakly active in adult liver. This gene is found in a cluster with six additional alcohol dehydrogenase genes, including those encoding the beta and gamma subunits, on the long arm of chromosome 4. Mutations in this gene may contribute to variation in certain personality traits and substance dependence. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010]
Expression
Biased expression in liver (RPKM 735.3) and fat (RPKM 36.3) See more
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See ADH1A in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
4q23
Exon count:
9
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 4 NC_000004.12 (99276369..99290985, complement)
RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 4 NC_060928.1 (102591175..102605798, complement)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 4 NC_000004.11 (100197526..100212142, complement)

Chromosome 4 - NC_000004.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC100507053 Neighboring gene proliferating cell nuclear antigen pseudogene 2 Neighboring gene NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr4:100126223-100126724 Neighboring gene ADH6 promoter Neighboring gene alcohol dehydrogenase 6 (class V) Neighboring gene MED14-independent group 3 enhancer GRCh37_chr4:100207424-100208623 Neighboring gene ADH1A promoter Neighboring gene NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr4:100231513-100232014 Neighboring gene P300/CBP strongly-dependent group 1 enhancer GRCh37_chr4:100238861-100240060 Neighboring gene ADH1B promoter Neighboring gene alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (class I), beta polypeptide Neighboring gene ADH1C promoter region Neighboring gene alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (class I), gamma polypeptide

  • Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
  • Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
  • BioProject: PRJNA270632
  • Publication: PMID 26076956
  • Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Extended genetic effects of ADH cluster genes on the risk of alcohol dependence: from GWAS to replication.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

Markers

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
enables alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
enables all-trans-retinol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
enables butanol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
enables metal ion binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
enables oxidoreductase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
PubMed 
enables zinc ion binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
enables zinc ion binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in alcohol metabolic process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in alcohol metabolic process NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
PubMed 
involved_in retinoic acid metabolic process IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
involved_in retinol metabolic process IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in ciliary basal body IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 
located_in cilium IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 
located_in cytoplasm IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
is_active_in cytosol IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
located_in cytosol IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 
located_in cytosol TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 
located_in nucleoplasm IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 
located_in plasma membrane IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 
Preferred Names
alcohol dehydrogenase 1A
Names
ADH, alpha subunit
alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (class I), alpha polypeptide
alcohol dehydrogenase subunit alpha
aldehyde reductase
NP_000658.1

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_000667.4NP_000658.1  alcohol dehydrogenase 1A

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_000658.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AK290558
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS3648.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A8K3E3, P07327, Q17R68
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    E9PCG0, F5HB16
    Related
    ENSP00000209668.2, ENST00000209668.3
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd08299
    Location:3375
    alcohol_DH_class_I_II_IV; class I, II, IV alcohol dehydrogenases

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000004.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    99276369..99290985 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060928.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    102591175..102605798 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)