Afp alpha fetoprotein [Mus musculus (house mouse)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Afpprovided by MGI
Official Full Name: alpha fetoproteinprovided by MGI
Primary source: MGI:MGI:87951
See related: Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000054932 AllianceGenome:MGI:87951
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Mus musculus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
Summary: Predicted to enable metal ion binding activity. Acts upstream of or within several processes, including homeostasis of number of cells; ovulation from ovarian follicle; and progesterone metabolic process. Located in cytoplasm and extracellular space. Is expressed in several structures, including egg cylinder; embryo endoderm; gut; liver and biliary system; and metanephros. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in hepatitis C. Orthologous to human AFP (alpha fetoprotein). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2025]
Expression: Biased expression in liver E18 (RPKM 8164.6), liver E14 (RPKM 4926.5) and 1 other tissue See more
Orthologs: all
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Genomic context

Location:: 5 E1; 5 44.77 cM

Exon count:: 15

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27)	5	NC_000071.7 (90638573..90656766)
108.20200622	previous assembly	GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26)	5	NC_000071.6 (90490714..90508907)

Chromosome 5 - NC_000071.7 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Mitochondrial dysfunction reactivates alpha-fetoprotein expression that drives copper-dependent immunosuppression in mitochondrial disease models.
Title: Mitochondrial dysfunction reactivates α-fetoprotein expression that drives copper-dependent immunosuppression in mitochondrial disease models.
Blocking estrogen-induced AMH expression is crucial for normal follicle formation.
Title: Blocking estrogen-induced AMH expression is crucial for normal follicle formation.
endogenous AFP expression in the perinatal liver is reduced in the absence of beta-catenin, suggesting that beta-catenin regulates AFP during liver development.
Title: Pericentral activity of alpha-fetoprotein enhancer 3 and glutamine synthetase upstream enhancer in the adult liver are regulated by β-catenin in mice.
Findings indicate that AFP expressed under experimental cryptorchid conditions plays a role as a regulatory factor in spermatogenesis and in hepatic generation.
Title: Unexpected role of α-fetoprotein in spermatogenesis.
AFP mRNA and VEGF-C mRNA in peripheral blood were significantly correlated with recurrence and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Title: [The effect of allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation on tumor recurrence and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy and the relationship with presence of AFP mRNA and VEGF-C mRNA in peripheral blood].
A DEHP treatment-induced phenotype was identified with lack of glycogen accumula-tion and intracytoplasmic localization of beta-catenin which was associated with increased AFP gene expression.
Title: In utero exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate affects liver morphology and metabolism in post-natal CD-1 mice.
The deficits observed in parental behavior of AFP knockout females could not be explained by any changes in olfactory function, novelty recognition or anxiety
Title: The alpha-fetoprotein knock-out mouse model suggests that parental behavior is sexually differentiated under the influence of prenatal estradiol.
Foxa1 acts as a pioneer transcription factor in de novo activation of Afp, by exploiting a lack of methylation at juxtaposed transposed elements
Title: Foxa1 functions as a pioneer transcription factor at transposable elements to activate Afp during differentiation of embryonic stem cells.
data indicate that this enhancer region is required for alpha-fetoprotein and albumin activation early in liver development and alpha-fetoprotein reactivation during liver regeneration
Title: The alpha-fetoprotein enhancer region activates the albumin and alpha-fetoprotein promoters during liver development.
The sex difference in the ability to show preovulatory LH surges depends on the prenatal actions of estrogens in the male hypothalamus, is lost in Afp(-/-) females.
Title: Absence of gonadotropin-releasing hormone 1 and Kiss1 activation in alpha-fetoprotein knockout mice: prenatal estrogens defeminize the potential to show preovulatory luteinizing hormone surges.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (18)

Variation

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Alleles

Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI)

Endonuclease-mediated (4)
Targeted (4) 1 citation

General gene information

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Markers

Afp (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:547634

Afp (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:532534

Afp (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:238154

Afp (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:259176

Afp (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:527209

UniSTS:275850 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:275850

Afp (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:275850

V00743 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:159396

PMC219482P3 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:272082

Afp (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:465367

Afp (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:465368

Afp (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:141047

Afp (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:141048

Afp (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:141049

Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables small molecule binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
acts_upstream_of_or_within apoptotic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within homeostasis of number of cells	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within immune response	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within ovulation from ovarian follicle	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within progesterone metabolic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in response to nutrient levels	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in cytoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular region	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular region	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in extracellular region	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: alpha-fetoprotein

Names: alpha-1-fetoprotein; alpha-fetoglobulin; alpha-foetoprotein

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.