IFITM2 interferon induced transmembrane protein 2 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 10581, updated on 6-Jul-2025

Summary

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Official Symbol: IFITM2provided by HGNC
Official Full Name: interferon induced transmembrane protein 2provided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:5413
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000185201 MIM:605578; AllianceGenome:HGNC:5413
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: 1-8D; DSPA2c
Summary: Interferon-induced transmembrane (IFITM) proteins are a family of interferon induced antiviral proteins. The family contains five members, including IFITM1, IFITM2 and IFITM3 and belong to the CD225 superfamily. The protein encoded by this gene restricts cellular entry by diverse viral pathogens, such as influenza A virus, Ebola virus and Sars-CoV-2. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2021]
Annotation information: Note: This gene has been reviewed for its involvement in coronavirus biology, and is involved in immune response or antiviral activity.
Expression: Ubiquitous expression in appendix (RPKM 262.7), spleen (RPKM 209.9) and 23 other tissues See more
Orthologs: all
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Genomic context

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See IFITM2 in Genome Data Viewer

Location:: 11p15.5

Exon count:: 2

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_08	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	11	NC_000011.10 (307816..309395)
RS_2024_08	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	11	NC_060935.1 (349049..350630)
RS_2024_09	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	11	NC_000011.9 (307816..309395)

Chromosome 11 - NC_000011.10 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
BioProject: PRJNA270632
Publication: PMID 26076956
Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Unveiling the immunoregulatory role of interferon-induced transmembrane protein 2 through the JAK/STAT3/PDL1 pathway in gastric cancer.
Title: Unveiling the immunoregulatory role of interferon-induced transmembrane protein 2 through the JAK/STAT3/PDL1 pathway in gastric cancer.
IFITM2 Presents Antiviral Response through Enhancing Type I IFN Signaling Pathway.
Title: IFITM2 Presents Antiviral Response through Enhancing Type I IFN Signaling Pathway.
SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern Hijack IFITM2 for Efficient Replication in Human Lung Cells.
Title: SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern Hijack IFITM2 for Efficient Replication in Human Lung Cells.
Interferon-Induced Transmembrane Proteins Inhibit Infection by the Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus and the Related Rhesus Monkey Rhadinovirus in a Cell-Specific Manner.
Title: Interferon-Induced Transmembrane Proteins Inhibit Infection by the Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus and the Related Rhesus Monkey Rhadinovirus in a Cell-Specific Manner.
IFITM Proteins That Restrict the Early Stages of Respiratory Virus Infection Do Not Influence Late-Stage Replication.
Title: IFITM Proteins That Restrict the Early Stages of Respiratory Virus Infection Do Not Influence Late-Stage Replication.
IFITM proteins promote SARS-CoV-2 infection and are targets for virus inhibition in vitro.
Title: IFITM proteins promote SARS-CoV-2 infection and are targets for virus inhibition in vitro.
Predicative value of IFITM2 in renal clear cell carcinoma: IFITM2 is associated with lymphatic metastasis and poor clinical outcome.
Title: Predicative value of IFITM2 in renal clear cell carcinoma: IFITM2 is associated with lymphatic metastasis and poor clinical outcome.
Opposing activities of IFITM proteins in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Title: Opposing activities of IFITM proteins in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
IFITM1-IFITM3 are expressed by T cells and are directly involved in adaptive immunity; they regulate CD4+ T helper cell differentiation in a T-cell-intrinsic manner. (Review)
Title: The IFITM protein family in adaptive immunity.
IFITM2 knockdowns in BeWo trophoblasts increased their spontaneous fusion and allowed fusion in the presence of IFN while also making the cells more susceptible to virus infection.
Title: Interferon-induced transmembrane proteins inhibit cell fusion mediated by trophoblast syncytins.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (29)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

HIV-1 interactions

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Replication interactions

Interaction	Pubs
HIV-1 CXCR4-tropic virus replication is restricted by IFITM2 and IFITM3 as shown through shRNA knockdown	PubMed
HIV-1 CCR5-tropic virus replication is restricted by IFITM1 and IFITM2 as shown through shRNA knockdown	PubMed
HIV-1 infectivity is inhibited when IFITM2 is expressed by the virus producing cell (293T cells)	PubMed
HIV-1 cell-to-cell transmission (Jurkat-to-Jurkat, 293T-to-Jurkat, PM1 to Jurkat, PBMCs to Jurkat) is inhibited by IFITM2 and this inhibition appears to be regulated by the IFITM protein C terminus, is IFITM-species specific and virus-strain specific	PubMed
Knockdown of IFITM1/2/3 by siRNA enhances virus transmission to target cells and the production of virions in CD4+ T cells	PubMed

Protein interactions

Protein	Gene	Interaction	Pubs
Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120	env	HIV-1 gp120 interacts with IFITM2	PubMed
	env	HIV-1 Env processing from gp160 to gp120/41 is inhibited by IFITM2	PubMed
Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	env	HIV-1 gp160 interacts with IFITM2	PubMed
	env	IFITM2/3 proteins are co-localize with HIV-1 Env in the cell interior, while surface-associated IFITM2/3 proteins are present at virus budding sites containing HIV-1 Gag and Env proteins in CD4+ T cells	PubMed
Envelope transmembrane glycoprotein gp41	env	HIV-1 gp120 interacts with IFITM2	PubMed
	env	HIV-1 Env processing from gp160 to gp120/41 is inhibited by IFITM2	PubMed
Nef	nef	IFITM2 significantly downregulates the expression of HIV-1 Nef by interfering with Tat/TAR-mediated expression	PubMed
Pr55(Gag)	gag	IFITM1, IFITM2, and IFITM3 proteins (IFITMs) co-localize with HIV-1 Gag in virus-producing cells and co-assemble with Gag into budding particles	PubMed
	gag	Endogenous IFITM1/2/3 proteins are upregulated in activated CD4+ T cells and incorporated into HIV-1 Gag/p24-associated virions during infection	PubMed
	gag	IFITM2/3 proteins are co-localize with HIV-1 Env in the cell interior, while surface-associated IFITM2/3 proteins are present at virus budding sites containing HIV-1 Gag and Env proteins in CD4+ T cells	PubMed
	gag	IFITM2 significantly downregulates the expression of HIV-1 Gag and CA by interfering with both Rev/RRE- and Tat/TAR-mediated expression	PubMed
Vif	vif	IFITM2 significantly downregulates the expression of HIV-1 Vif by interfering with both Rev/RRE- and Tat/TAR-mediated expression	PubMed
Vpr	vpr	HIV-1 Vpr upregulates the expression of IFITM1 in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells	PubMed
	vpr	IFITM1, 2 or 3 marginally inhibit the entry of HIV-1 NL4-3 and SIV Mac into TZM-bl by measuring the cleavage of CCF2 by BlaM-Vpr that enters the cytoplasm together with viral cores	PubMed
capsid	gag	IFITM1, IFITM2, and IFITM3 proteins (IFITMs) co-localize with HIV-1 CA in velocity gradients, indicating that IFITMs are virion-associated proteins	PubMed
	gag	Endogenous IFITM1/2/3 proteins are upregulated in activated CD4+ T cells and incorporated into HIV-1 Gag/p24-associated virions during infection	PubMed
	gag	IFITM2 significantly downregulates the expression of HIV-1 Gag and CA by interfering with both Rev/RRE- and Tat/TAR-mediated expression	PubMed

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

SGC31615 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:18300

RH17821 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:71881

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in cellular response to interferon-beta	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in defense response to virus	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in defense response to virus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in host-mediated suppression of symbiont invasion	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in host-mediated suppression of symbiont invasion	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in immune response	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in immune system process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in innate immune response	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of viral genome replication	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in negative regulation of viral genome replication	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in response to interferon-alpha	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in response to interferon-alpha	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in response to interferon-beta	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in response to interferon-beta	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in response to type II interferon	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in response to type II interferon	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in response to virus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in endosome	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in late endosome membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in late endosome membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in lysosomal membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in lysosomal membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in lysosome	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
is_active_in plasma membrane	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in plasma membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in plasma membrane	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
part_of protein-containing complex	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: interferon-induced transmembrane protein 2

Names: dispanin subfamily A member 2c; interferon-inducible protein 1-8D

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.