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TROAP trophinin associated protein [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 10024, updated on 25-Nov-2025
Official Symbol
TROAPprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name
trophinin associated proteinprovided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:12327
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000135451 MIM:603872; AllianceGenome:HGNC:12327
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
VALIDATED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
TASTIN
Summary
Predicted to be involved in cell adhesion. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jul 2025]
Expression
Biased expression in testis (RPKM 7.6), bone marrow (RPKM 6.1) and 11 other tissues See more
Orthologs
mouse all
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See TROAP in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
12q13.12
Exon count:
16
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2025_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 12 NC_000012.12 (49323255..49331731)
RS_2025_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 12 NC_060936.1 (49284317..49293921)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 12 NC_000012.11 (49717038..49725514)

Chromosome 12 - NC_000012.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 4426 Neighboring gene tubulin alpha 1c Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr12:49650243-49650960 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 4427 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 4428 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 6310 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr12:49659281-49659494 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 9693 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr12:49672666-49673257 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 11054 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr12:49686422-49687185 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr12:49687186-49687948 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr12:49688028-49688945 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr12:49688946-49689862 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 11953 Neighboring gene TROAP and PRPH antisense RNA 1 Neighboring gene peripherin Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 6312 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 6313 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr12:49724253-49724754 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr12:49729567-49730366 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 4429 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 4430 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr12:49736353-49736864 Neighboring gene complement C1q like 4 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 4431 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 4432 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 4433 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr12:49741370-49742313 Neighboring gene DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member C22

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

  • Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
  • Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
  • BioProject: PRJNA270632
  • Publication: PMID 26076956
  • Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

Related articles in PubMed

  1. Tastin is required for bipolar spindle assembly and centrosome integrity during mitosis. Yang S, et al. FASEB J, 2008 Jun. PMID 18218922
  2. Downregulated Trophinin-Associated Protein Plays a Critical Role in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Through Upregulation of Tumor Cell Growth and Migration. Lian Y, et al. Oncol Res, 2018 Jun 11. PMID 29117881, Free PMC Article
  3. Decreased expression of TROAP suppresses cellular proliferation, migration and invasion in gastric cancer. Jing K, et al. Mol Med Rep, 2018 Sep. PMID 29956806
  4. High Trophinin-Associated Protein Expression Is an Independent Predictor of Poor Survival in Liver Cancer. Jiao Y, et al. Dig Dis Sci, 2019 Jan. PMID 30284652
  5. Tastin promotes non-small-cell lung cancer progression through the ErbB4, PI3K/AKT, and ERK1/2 pathways. Yue A, et al. Exp Biol Med (Maywood), 2023 Mar. PMID 36691332, Free PMC Article

See all (49) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. METTL3 regulatory TROAP can regulate the progression of non-small cell lung cancer through PI3K/AKT and EMT signaling pathway.
    Title: METTL3 regulatory TROAP can regulate the progression of non-small cell lung cancer through PI3K/AKT and EMT signaling pathway.
  2. TROAP Promotes the Proliferation, Migration, and Metastasis of Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma with the Help of STAT3.
    Title: TROAP Promotes the Proliferation, Migration, and Metastasis of Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma with the Help of STAT3.
  3. Tastin promotes non-small-cell lung cancer progression through the ErbB4, PI3K/AKT, and ERK1/2 pathways.
    Title: Tastin promotes non-small-cell lung cancer progression through the ErbB4, PI3K/AKT, and ERK1/2 pathways.
  4. MiR-532-3p suppresses cell viability, migration and invasion of clear cell renal cell carcinoma through targeting TROAP.
    Title: MiR-532-3p suppresses cell viability, migration and invasion of clear cell renal cell carcinoma through targeting TROAP.
  5. TROAP switches DYRK1 activity to drive hepatocellular carcinoma progression.
    Title: TROAP switches DYRK1 activity to drive hepatocellular carcinoma progression.
  6. Study found that TROAP expression correlates with patient survival and speculated that it may be involved in prostate cancer progression.
    Title: TROAP regulates prostate cancer progression via the WNT3/survivin signalling pathways.
  7. The present study suggests that TROAP plays an important role in promoting the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of breast cancer.
    Title: TROAP Promotes Breast Cancer Proliferation and Metastasis.
  8. Elevated TROAP expression is an independent predictor of poor survival in liver cancer.
    Title: High Trophinin-Associated Protein Expression Is an Independent Predictor of Poor Survival in Liver Cancer.
  9. the present study provided evidence that TROAP serves a role in GC cells by promoting cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and invasion in vitro. Combined analysis of cell lines and datasets from a public database, demonstrated that TROAP overexpression may be used as a predictor of poor survival in patients with GC.
    Title: Decreased expression of TROAP suppresses cellular proliferation, migration and invasion in gastric cancer.
  10. these results indicate that TROAP suppresses cellular growth and migration in hepatocellular carcinoma
    Title: Downregulated Trophinin-Associated Protein Plays a Critical Role in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Through Upregulation of Tumor Cell Growth and Migration.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (12)

Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

Markers

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in cell adhesion IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in cell adhesion TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in cytoplasm IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in cytoplasm TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
Preferred Names
tastin
Names
trophinin assisting protein
trophinin-assisting protein (tastin)

NEW Try the new Transcript table

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001100620.3 → NP_001094090.1  tastin isoform 2

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001094090.1

    Status: VALIDATED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks multiple exons and includes an alternate 3' terminal exon, compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (2) is much shorter and has a distinct C-terminus, compared to isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC125611, BC011597, DC410015
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS41779.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q12815
    Related
    ENSP00000369684.5, ENST00000380327.9
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl25751
    Location:19 → 132
    DUF4045; Domain of unknown function (DUF4045)

  2. NM_001278324.2 → NP_001265253.1  tastin isoform 3

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001265253.1

    Status: VALIDATED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (3) lacks multiple exons and includes an alternate 3' terminal exon, compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (3) is much shorter and has a distinct C-terminus, compared to isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    BC018627, CD366215, DC410015
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS61117.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    F8W052
    Related
    ENSP00000448313.1, ENST00000548311.5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    PTZ00449
    Location:19 → 100
    PTZ00449; 104 kDa microneme/rhoptry antigen; Provisional

  3. NM_001410976.1 → NP_001397905.1  tastin isoform 4

    Status: VALIDATED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC125611
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS91693.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    F8W130
    Related
    ENSP00000447509.1, ENST00000551245.5

  4. NM_005480.4 → NP_005471.3  tastin isoform 1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_005471.3

    Status: VALIDATED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the longest isoform (1).
    Source sequence(s)
    BC032583, DC410015, U04810
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS8784.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    F8VSF9, Q12815, Q6PJU7, Q8N5B2
    Related
    ENSP00000257909.3, ENST00000257909.8
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    PTZ00449
    Location:19 → 125
    PTZ00449; 104 kDa microneme/rhoptry antigen; Provisional
    PHA03247
    Location:545 → 695
    PHA03247; large tegument protein UL36; Provisional
    COG5028
    Location:251 → 364
    COG5028; Vesicle coat complex COPII, subunit SEC24/subunit SFB2/subunit SFB3 [Intracellular trafficking and secretion]

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2025_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000012.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    49323255..49331731
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_011537723.2 → XP_011536025.1  tastin isoform X1

    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    PTZ00449
    Location:19 → 125
    PTZ00449; 104 kDa microneme/rhoptry antigen; Provisional
    PHA03247
    Location:500 → 650
    PHA03247; large tegument protein UL36; Provisional
    COG5028
    Location:251 → 364
    COG5028; Vesicle coat complex COPII, subunit SEC24/subunit SFB2/subunit SFB3 [Intracellular trafficking and secretion]

  2. XM_047428030.1 → XP_047283986.1  tastin isoform X2

    Related
    ENSP00000549675.1, ENST00000879616.1

  3. XM_047428031.1 → XP_047283987.1  tastin isoform X3

  4. XM_047428034.1 → XP_047283990.1  tastin isoform X5

  5. XM_047428033.1 → XP_047283989.1  tastin isoform X4

  6. XM_047428032.1 → XP_047283988.1  tastin isoform X4

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060936.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    49284317..49293921
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_054370700.1 → XP_054226675.1  tastin isoform X7

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    F8VSF9, Q12815, Q6PJU7, Q8N5B2

  2. XM_054370698.1 → XP_054226673.1  tastin isoform X6

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    F8W130

  3. XM_054370699.1 → XP_054226674.1  tastin isoform X1

  4. XM_054370701.1 → XP_054226676.1  tastin isoform X2

  5. XM_054370702.1 → XP_054226677.1  tastin isoform X3

  6. XM_054370705.1 → XP_054226680.1  tastin isoform X5

  7. XM_054370706.1 → XP_054226681.1  tastin isoform X8

  8. XM_054370707.1 → XP_054226682.1  tastin isoform X9

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    F8W052

  9. XM_054370704.1 → XP_054226679.1  tastin isoform X4

  10. XM_054370703.1 → XP_054226678.1  tastin isoform X4

Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q12815.3 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q12815

Gene LinkOut

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