gal galanin/GMAP prepropeptide [Danio rerio (zebrafish)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: galprovided by ZNC
Official Full Name: galanin/GMAP prepropeptideprovided by ZNC
Primary source: ZFIN:ZDB-GENE-111117-2
See related: Ensembl:ENSDARG00000091377 AllianceGenome:ZFIN:ZDB-GENE-111117-2
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Danio rerio
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Actinopterygii; Neopterygii; Teleostei; Ostariophysi; Cypriniformes; Danionidae; Danioninae; Danio
Also known as: ppg; galn
Summary: Predicted to enable galanin receptor activity; galanin receptor binding activity; and neuropeptide hormone activity. Acts upstream of or within response to light stimulus; response to salt stress; and sleep. Located in neuronal cell body. Is expressed in several structures, including brain; digestive system; heart; kidney; and spinal cord. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in familial temporal lobe epilepsy 8 and opiate dependence. Orthologous to human GAL (galanin and GMAP prepropeptide). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jul 2025]
Orthologs: human mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: chromosome: 25

Exon count:: 7

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2025_04	current	GRCz12tu (GCF_049306965.1)	25	NC_133200.1 (11373839..11381916, complement)
RS_2024_08	previous assembly	GRCz11 (GCF_000002035.6)	25	NC_007136.7 (10556288..10564203, complement)

Chromosome 25 - NC_133200.1 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

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Expression

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See details

Project title: Sequencing the Zebrafish transcriptome from a range of tissues and developmental stages
Description: Sequencing the Zebrafish transcriptome from a range of tissues and developmental stages
BioProject: PRJEB1986
Analysis date: Fri Dec 8 19:48:10 2017

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

The Role of Galanin during Bacterial Infection in Larval Zebrafish.
Title: The Role of Galanin during Bacterial Infection in Larval Zebrafish.
Galanin Signaling in the Brain Regulates Color Pattern Formation in Zebrafish.
Title: Galanin Signaling in the Brain Regulates Color Pattern Formation in Zebrafish.
Galn plays a key role in responding to sleep pressure signals derived from neuronal activity and functions as an output arm of the vertebrate sleep homeostat.
Title: The Neuropeptide Galanin Is Required for Homeostatic Rebound Sleep following Increased Neuronal Activity.
Galanin overexpression reduced the incidence of seizure-like behavior episodes and their intensity but had no significant effect on their duration. The findings indicate that in addition to antiepileptic action, galanin modulates arousal behavior and demonstrates a sedative effect. The current study showed that galanin overexpression correlated with a potent anticonvulsant effect in the zebrafish PTZ-seizure model.
Title: Neuroanatomical Localization of Galanin in Zebrafish Telencephalon and Anticonvulsant Effect of Galanin Overexpression.
Prok2-induced sleep in light induces hypothalamic galn expression and requires galn. Light-dependent, Prok2-induced sedation requires prokineticin receptor 2 (prokr2) and is strongly suppressed in galn mutants.
Title: Light-Dependent Regulation of Sleep and Wake States by Prokineticin 2 in Zebrafish.

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General gene information

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Gene Ontology Provided by ZFIN

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables galanin receptor activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables galanin receptor binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables hormone activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables neuropeptide hormone activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables neuropeptide hormone activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables type 1 galanin receptor binding	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables type 2 galanin receptor binding	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables type 3 galanin receptor binding	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in neuropeptide signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within neuropeptide signaling pathway	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to light stimulus	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to salt stress	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within sleep	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in extracellular region	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
is_active_in extracellular space	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in neuronal cell body	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in secretory granule	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: galanin peptides

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.