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mmp21 matrix metallopeptidase 21 [ Danio rerio (zebrafish) ]

Gene ID: 100003089, updated on 9-Sep-2025
Official Symbol
mmp21provided by ZNC
Official Full Name
matrix metallopeptidase 21provided by ZNC
Primary source
ZFIN:ZDB-GENE-100226-2
See related
Ensembl:ENSDARG00000112495 AllianceGenome:ZFIN:ZDB-GENE-100226-2
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
PROVISIONAL
Organism
Danio rerio
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Actinopterygii; Neopterygii; Teleostei; Ostariophysi; Cypriniformes; Danionidae; Danioninae; Danio
Also known as
MMP-21
Summary
Predicted to enable metalloendopeptidase activity. Acts upstream of or within determination of heart left/right asymmetry; embryonic heart tube left/right pattern formation; and regulation of heart looping. Predicted to be located in extracellular matrix. Is expressed in Kupffer's vesicle. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in visceral heterotaxy 7. Orthologous to human MMP21 (matrix metallopeptidase 21). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2025]
Orthologs
human mouse all
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See mmp21 in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
chromosome: 12
Exon count:
10
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2025_04 current GRCz12tu (GCF_049306965.1) 12 NC_133187.1 (51106780..51122160, complement)
RS_2024_08 previous assembly GRCz11 (GCF_000002035.6) 12 NC_007123.7 (48683208..48697371)

Chromosome 12 - NC_133187.1Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene zgc:165653 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC141376895 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC141376899 Neighboring gene C-terminal binding protein 2, like Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC141376898 Neighboring gene uroporphyrinogen III synthase Neighboring gene zgc:92749

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

  • Project title: Sequencing the Zebrafish transcriptome from a range of tissues and developmental stages
  • Description: Sequencing the Zebrafish transcriptome from a range of tissues and developmental stages
  • BioProject: PRJEB1986
  • Analysis date: Fri Dec 8 19:48:10 2017

Related articles in PubMed

  1. De novo disruptive heterozygous MMP21 variants are potential predisposing genetic risk factors in Chinese Han heterotaxy children. Qin XJ, et al. Hum Genomics, 2022 Sep 19. PMID 36123719, Free PMC Article
  2. MMP21 is mutated in human heterotaxy and is required for normal left-right asymmetry in vertebrates. Guimier A, et al. Nat Genet, 2015 Nov. PMID 26437028, Free PMC Article
  3. Biallelic Variants in UBA5 Reveal that Disruption of the UFM1 Cascade Can Result in Early-Onset Encephalopathy. Colin E, et al. Am J Hum Genet, 2016 Sep 1. PMID 27545681, Free PMC Article
  4. A human laterality disorder caused by a homozygous deleterious mutation in MMP21. Perles Z, et al. J Med Genet, 2015 Dec. PMID 26429889, Free PMC Article
  5. The zebrafish embryo: a powerful model system for investigating matrix remodeling. Wyatt RA, et al. Zebrafish, 2009 Dec. PMID 19929220

See all (7) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

Markers

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by ZFIN

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables hydrolase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables metal ion binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables metalloendopeptidase activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables metalloendopeptidase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables metallopeptidase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables peptidase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables zinc ion binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in collagen catabolic process IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within determination of heart left/right asymmetry IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in determination of heart left/right asymmetry ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in determination of left/right symmetry IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within determination of left/right symmetry IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in determination of left/right symmetry ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within embryonic heart tube left/right pattern formation IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in extracellular matrix organization IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within proteolysis IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of heart looping IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in extracellular matrix IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Preferred Names
matrix metallopeptidase-21
Names
matrix metalloproteinase-21
NP_001304682.1
XP_073773356.1
XP_073773357.1

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001317753.1 → NP_001304682.1  matrix metallopeptidase-21 precursor

    Status: PROVISIONAL

    Source sequence(s)
    KT207790
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A0A0N9E2K8
    Related
    ENSDARP00000146681.1, ENSDART00000188582.1
    Conserved Domains (4) summary
    cd04278
    Location:197 → 353
    ZnMc_MMP; Zinc-dependent metalloprotease, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) sub-family. MMPs are responsible for a great deal of pericellular proteolysis of extracellular matrix and cell surface molecules, playing crucial roles in morphogenesis, cell fate ...
    pfam00413
    Location:196 → 353
    Peptidase_M10; Matrixin
    pfam01471
    Location:99 → 125
    PG_binding_1; Putative peptidoglycan binding domain
    cl02471
    Location:382 → 564
    HX; Hemopexin-like repeats.; Hemopexin is a heme-binding protein that transports heme to the liver. Hemopexin-like repeats occur in vitronectin and some matrix metalloproteinases family (matrixins). The HX repeats of some matrixins bind tissue inhibitor of ...

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_049306965.1-RS_2025_04

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCz12tu Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_133187.1 Reference GRCz12tu Primary Assembly

    Range
    51106780..51122160 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_073917256.1 → XP_073773357.1  matrix metallopeptidase-21 isoform X2

  2. XM_073917255.1 → XP_073773356.1  matrix metallopeptidase-21 isoform X1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A0A0N9E2K8
Nucleotide Protein Strain
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
A0A0N9E2K8.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:A0A0N9E2K8

Gene LinkOut

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