"RNA, Viral" - Books

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Select item 16868401.

Retroviruses.

Coffin JM, Hughes SH, Varmus HE, editors.

Cold Spring Harbor (NY): Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; 1997.

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Select item 44036682.

StatPearls [Internet].

Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-.

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Select item 14152803.

Madame Curie Bioscience Database [Internet].

Austin (TX): Landes Bioscience; 2000-2013.

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Select item 23639744.

Human Herpesviruses: Biology, Therapy, and Immunoprophylaxis.

Arvin A, Campadelli-Fiume G, Mocarski E, et al., editors.

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2007.

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Select item 48538165.

LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury [Internet].

Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; 2012-.

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Select item 14003626.

Hepatitis C Viruses: Genomes and Molecular Biology.

Tan SL, editor.

Norfolk (UK): Horizon Bioscience; 2006.

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Select item 15816867.

Medical Microbiology. 4th edition.

Baron S, editor.

Galveston (TX): University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston; 1996.

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Select item 26591828.

Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE): Quality-assessed Reviews [Internet].

York (UK): Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (UK); 1995-.

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Select item 16686909.

Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine. 6th edition.

Kufe DW, Pollock RE, Weichselbaum RR, et al., editors.

Hamilton (ON): BC Decker; 2003.

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Select item 547163210.

Updated Recommendations on Treatment of Adolescents and Children with Chronic HCV Infection, and HCV Simplified Service Delivery and Diagnostics [Internet].

Geneva: World Health Organization; 2022.

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Select item 442776811.

WHO Guidelines on Hepatitis B and C Testing.

Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017 Feb.

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Select item 479560212.

Baculovirus Molecular Biology [Internet]. 4th edition.

Rohrmann GF.

Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2019.

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Select item 522256413.

Nutrition and HIV: Epidemiological Evidence to Public Health.

Mehta S, Finkelstein JL, editors.

New York (NY): CRC Press; 2018 May 15.

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Select item 332252614.

The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of peginterferon alfa and ribavirin for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C in children and young people: a systematic review and economic evaluation.

Hartwell D, Cooper K, Frampton GK, et al.

Southampton (UK): NIHR Journals Library; 2014 Oct. (Health Technology Assessment, No. 18.65.)

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Select item 189578815.

Molecular Biology of the Cell. 4th edition.

Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, et al.

New York: Garland Science; 2002.

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Select item 340129416.

Endotext [Internet].

Feingold KR, Ahmed SF, Anawalt B, et al., editors.

South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc.; 2000-.

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Select item 408515617.

Biological Agents.

IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans.

Lyon (FR): International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2012. (IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, No. 100B.)

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Select item 140373818.

Polymicrobial Diseases.

Brogden KA, Guthmiller JM, editors.

Washington (DC): ASM Press; 2002.

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Select item 570487619.

Jasper's Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies. 5th edition.

Noebels JL, Avoli M, Rogawski MA, et al., editors.

New York: Oxford University Press; 2024.

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Select item 290025820.

Learning from SARS: Preparing for the Next Disease Outbreak: Workshop Summary.

Institute of Medicine (US) Forum on Microbial Threats; Knobler S, Mahmoud A, Lemon S, et al., editors.

Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2004.

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Supplemental Content

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Figure 43-4Recombination by copy-choice of incompletely linked genes. The genetic interaction of certain RNA viruses can result in copy-choice recombination

In this mechanism, the polymerase begins replicating RNA template. By an unknown mechanism, which may involve a high degree of secondary structure in the viral RNA template, the polymerase complex (with its nascent viral RNA molecule) reassociates with the template viral RNA of different parental virus, such that the nascent RNA molecule will be synthesized as a novel recombinant virus whose RNA genome contains genes from each parental virus type.

Viral Genetics.

Baron S, editor. Medical Microbiology. 4th edition. Galveston (TX): University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston; 1996.
Figure 5.49Generation of LTRs during reverse transcription

LTRs consist of three sequence elements: a short repeat sequence (R) of about 20 nucleotides that is present at both ends of the viral RNA; a sequence unique to the 5′ end of viral RNA (U5); and a sequence unique to the 3′ end of viral RNA (U3). Repeats of these sequences are generated during DNA synthesis as reverse transcriptase jumps twice between the ends of its template. Synthesis is initiated using a tRNA primer bound to a primer-binding site (PBS) adjacent to U5 at the 5′ end of the viral RNA. The polymerase copies R, and the RNA strand of the RNA-DNA hybrid is then degraded by RNase H. The polymerase then jumps to the 3′ end of the viral RNA in order to synthesize a complete DNA strand complementary to the RNA template. The polymerase jumps again during synthesis of the second strand of DNA, which is also initiated by a primer bound close to the 5′ end of its template. The result of these jumps is the formation of LTRs that contain U3-R-U5 sequences.

DNA Rearrangements.

Cooper GM. The Cell: A Molecular Approach. 2nd edition. Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates; 2000.
Figure 7-36Large amounts of any RNA molecule can be prepared in vitro using a viral RNA polymerase

The use of this unusually efficient enzyme requires that the DNA template be engineered so that the short DNA sequence that specifies the viral promoter is adjacent to the DNA sequence that encodes the RNA molecule to be synthesized. As indicated, the 3' end of the RNA is determined by cutting the DNA template at a unique site with a restriction nuclease.

DNA Cloning .

Alberts B, Bray D, Lewis J, et al. Molecular Biology of the Cell. 3rd edition. New York: Garland Science; 1994.
Figure 6-82The life cycle of a retrovirus

The retrovirus genome consists of an RNA molecule of about 8500 nucleotides; two such molecules are packaged into each viral particle. The enzyme reverse transcriptase first makes a DNA copy of the viral RNA molecule and then a second DNA strand, generating a double-stranded DNA copy of the RNA genome. The integration of this DNA double helix into the host chromosome, catalyzed by the viral integrase, is required for the synthesis of new viral RNA molecules by the host-cell RNA polymerase.

Viruses, Plasmids, and Transposable Genetic Elements .

Alberts B, Bray D, Lewis J, et al. Molecular Biology of the Cell. 3rd edition. New York: Garland Science; 1994.