"Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated" - Books

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Select item 44036681.

StatPearls [Internet].

Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2026 Jan-.

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Select item 57048762.

Jasper's Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies. 5th edition.

Noebels JL, Avoli M, Rogawski MA, et al., editors.

New York: Oxford University Press; 2024.

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Select item 14589843.

GeneReviews® [Internet].

Adam MP, Bick S, Mirzaa GM, et al., editors.

Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2026.

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Select item 23871564.

Jasper's Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies [Internet]. 4th edition.

Noebels JL, Avoli M, Rogawski MA, et al., editors.

Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2012.

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Select item 18602425.

WormBook: The Online Review of C. elegans Biology [Internet].

Pasadena (CA): WormBook; 2005-2018.

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Select item 14152806.

Madame Curie Bioscience Database [Internet].

Austin (TX): Landes Bioscience; 2000-2013.

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Select item 23580527.

Probe Reports from the NIH Molecular Libraries Program [Internet].

Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2010-.

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Select item 34012948.

Endotext [Internet].

Feingold KR, Adler RA, Ahmed SF, et al., editors.

South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc.; 2000-.

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Select item 29069769.

TRP Channels.

Zhu MX, editor.

Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press/Taylor & Francis; 2011.

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Select item 141094410.

TRP Ion Channel Function in Sensory Transduction and Cellular Signaling Cascades.

Liedtke WB, Heller S, editors.

Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press/Taylor & Francis; 2007.

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Select item 188138211.

Basic Neurochemistry: Molecular, Cellular and Medical Aspects. 6th edition.

Siegel GJ, Agranoff BW, Albers RW, et al., editors.

Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven; 1999.

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Select item 157694212.

Mechanosensitivity in Cells and Tissues.

Kamkin A, Kiseleva I, editors.

Moscow: Academia; 2005.

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Select item 165096213.

Webvision: The Organization of the Retina and Visual System [Internet].

Kolb H, Fernandez E, Jones B, et al., editors.

Salt Lake City (UT): University of Utah Health Sciences Center; 1995-.

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Select item 449207014.

Neurobiology of TRP Channels.

Emir TLR, editor.

Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press/Taylor & Francis; 2017.

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Select item 162585215.

Neuroscience. 2nd edition.

Purves D, Augustine GJ, Fitzpatrick D, et al., editors.

Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates; 2001.

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Select item 139691016.

Biology of the NMDA Receptor.

Van Dongen AM, editor.

Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press/Taylor & Francis; 2009.

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Select item 290269017.

Assay Guidance Manual [Internet].

Markossian S, Grossman A, Baskir H, et al., editors.

Bethesda (MD): Eli Lilly & Company and the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences; 2004-.

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Select item 455477418.

Magnesium in the Central Nervous System [Internet].

Vink R, Nechifor M, editors.

Adelaide (AU): University of Adelaide Press; 2011.

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Select item 254519619.

The Endothelium: Part 1: Multiple Functions of the Endothelial Cells—Focus on Endothelium-Derived Vasoactive Mediators.

Félétou M.

San Rafael (CA): Morgan & Claypool Life Sciences; 2011.

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Select item 466662220.

Mechanisms of Vascular Disease: A Reference Book for Vascular Specialists [Internet].

Fitridge R, Thompson M, editors.

Adelaide (AU): University of Adelaide Press; 2011.

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Figure 2The superfamily of voltage-gated ion channels.

This phylogenetic tree shows the diversity of the ‘voltage-gated ion channel’ super-family in metazoan genomes. TRP channels and cyclic nucleotide gated channels are gated by internal ligands or sensory inputs rather than voltage. The ryanodine and IP3 receptors are not shown. Voltage-gated sodium channels and HCN channels are not found in the worm genome. The tree was generated from the minimal pore regions of 143 vertebrate and invertebrate members of the voltage-gated ion channel superfamily. See Figure 1 for overall topology of the voltage-gated superfamily members. For a list of the worm potassium channels, see Table 4. K_v10-12 are the 6TM Eag-like subfamily, K_Ca is the 6TM Slo and SK family, K_ir is the 2TM family and K2P is the two-pore 4TM (TWIK) family. For the voltage-gated calcium channel family, see Table 4, for the TRP family, see Table 7 (TPC is a TRP subfamily with more transmembrane domains and 2 pores; the C. elegans homolog is lov-1), for the CNG family, see Table 8. This figure is reproduced and slightly modified with permission from Yu et al. (2005).

The neuronal genome of Caenorhabditis elegans.

WormBook: The Online Review of C. elegans Biology [Internet]. Pasadena (CA): WormBook; 2005-2018.
Figure 1Topology of the main families of ion channels.

Only the pore-forming subunits are shown. Note that the sodium and calcium channels are made from a repeating unit of the potassium channels. All of these ion channel families are found in worms; however, voltage-gated sodium channels and P2X channels are not encoded in the C. elegans genome. The numbers next to the brackets indicate the number of subunits in multimeric channel structures. These are highly schematized drawings that reflect transmembrane topologies; variable sizes in the loop domains are not illustrated.

The neuronal genome of Caenorhabditis elegans.

WormBook: The Online Review of C. elegans Biology [Internet]. Pasadena (CA): WormBook; 2005-2018.
Figure 70–1.

Organophosphates enhance presynaptic glutamate release. A. Organophosphates inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which metabolizes acetylcholine. This results in the excessive accumulation of acetylcholine. B. The accumulated acetylcholine binds to and activates muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (M1 receptors). The resulting depletion of IP3 hinders the activity of M-type potassium channels belonging to the KV7 family (KCNQ2/3) which regulate an efflux of potassium ions. Activation of voltage-gated calcium channels of P/Q and N type result in intracellular accumulation of calcium ions. Calcium ions are also released from the endoplasmic reticular stores. This causes depolarization of the neuron and release of glutamate from the presynaptic terminus.

Excitatory Transmission in Status Epilepticus.

Noebels JL, Avoli M, Rogawski MA, et al., editors. Jasper's Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies. 5th edition. New York: Oxford University Press; 2024.
Figure 1Insulin secretion

1. Glucose is transported into the beta cell by type 2 glucose transporters (GLUT2). Once inside, the first step in glucose metabolism is the phosphorylation of glucose to produce glucose-6-phosphate. This step is catalyzed by hexokinase; it is the rate-limiting step in glycolysis, and it effectively traps glucose inside the cell.
2. As glucose metabolism proceeds, ATP is produced in the mitochondria.
3. The increase in the ATP:ADP ratio closes ATP-gated potassium channels in the beta cell membrane. Positively charged potassium ions (K⁺) are now prevented from leaving the beta cell.
4. The rise in positive charge inside the beta cell causes depolarization.
5. Voltage-gated calcium channels open, allowing calcium ions (Ca²⁺) to flood into the cell.
6. The increase in intracellular calcium concentration triggers the secretion of insulin via exocytosis.

Genetic Factors in Type 2 Diabetes.

Dean L, McEntyre J. The Genetic Landscape of Diabetes [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004.