"Lac Operon" - Books

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lac in Drosophila melanogaster Anopheles gambiae Apis mellifera All 333 Gene records

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Select item 55080381.

RNA, the Epicenter of Genetic Information: A new understanding of molecular biology.

Mattick J, Amaral P.

Abingdon (UK): CRC Press; 2022 Sep 20.

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Select item 30792042.

The Art and Politics of Science.

Varmus H.

New York: W.W. Norton & Company; 2009.

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Select item 42037203.

Streptococcus pyogenes : Basic Biology to Clinical Manifestations [Internet].

Ferretti JJ, Stevens DL, Fischetti VA, editors.

Oklahoma City (OK): University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center; 2016-.

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Select item 14152804.

Madame Curie Bioscience Database [Internet].

Austin (TX): Landes Bioscience; 2000-2013.

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Select item 44036685.

StatPearls [Internet].

Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2026 Jan-.

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Select item 15995246.

The Cell: A Molecular Approach. 2nd edition.

Cooper GM.

Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates; 2000.

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Select item 54017687.

Streptococcus pyogenes: Basic Biology to Clinical Manifestations [Internet]. 2nd edition.

Ferretti JJ, Stevens DL, Fischetti VA, editors.

Oklahoma City (OK): University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center; 2022 Oct 8.

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Select item 28787488.

The Science and Applications of Synthetic and Systems Biology: Workshop Summary.

Institute of Medicine (US) Forum on Microbial Threats.

Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2011.

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Select item 18957889.

Molecular Biology of the Cell. 4th edition.

Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, et al.

New York: Garland Science; 2002.

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Select item 191116410.

Genomes. 2nd edition.

Brown TA.

Oxford: Wiley-Liss; 2002.

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Select item 313633411.

Promise and Challenges in Systems Microbiology: Workshop Summary.

McAdams P, Tang E; National Research Council (US).

Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2004.

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Select item 539391812.

Provisional Peer-Reviewed Toxicity Values for 1-Bromo-2-Chloroethane (CASRN 107-04-0).

Dean JL II, Carlson LM, Mezencev R, et al.

Cincinnati (OH): U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; 2021 Aug.

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Select item 311234213.

Assessment of the Possible Health Effects of Ground Wave Emergency Network.

National Research Council (US) Committee on Assessment of the Possible Health Effects of Ground Wave Emergency Network (GWEN).

Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 1993.

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Select item 186695414.

C. elegans II. 2nd edition.

Riddle DL, Blumenthal T, Meyer BJ, et al., editors.

Cold Spring Harbor (NY): Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; 1997.

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Select item 407287215.

Trichloroethylene, Tetrachloroethylene, and Some Other Chlorinated Agents.

IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans.

Lyon (FR): International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2014. (IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, No. 106.)

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Select item 321961816.

Size Limits of Very Small Microorganisms: Proceedings of a Workshop.

National Research Council (US) Steering Group for the Workshop on Size Limits of Very Small Microorganisms.

Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 1999.

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Select item 326451417.

Biomedical Politics.

Institute of Medicine (US) Committee to Study Decision Making; Hanna KE, editor.

Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 1991.

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Select item 331221218.

In the Light of Evolution: Volume I: Adaptation and Complex Design.

National Academy of Sciences; Avise JC, Ayala FJ, editors.

Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2007.

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Select item 490822619.

The Biopsychosocial Model of Health and Disease: New Philosophical and Scientific Developments [Internet].

Bolton D, Gillett G.

Cham (CH): Palgrave Pivot; 2019.

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Select item 439609020.

An Evidence Framework for Genetic Testing.

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Board on Health Care Services; Board on the Health of Select Populations; Committee on the Evidence Base for Genetic Testing.

Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2017 Mar 27.

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Supplemental Content

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Figure 9-29Dual control of the lac operon

Glucose and lactose levels control the initiation of transcription of the lac operon through their effects on the lac repressor protein and CAP. Lactose addition increases the concentration of allolactose, which binds to the repressor protein and removes it from the DNA. Glucose addition decreases the concentration of cyclic AMP; because cyclic AMP no longer binds to CAP, this gene activator protein dissociates from the DNA, turning off the operon. As shown in Figure9-8, CAP is known to induce a bend in the DNA when it binds; for simplicity, the bend is not shown here. LacZ,the first gene of the lac operon, encodes the enzyme β-galactosidase, which breaks down lactose to galactose and glucose.

How Genetic Switches Work .

Alberts B, Bray D, Lewis J, et al. Molecular Biology of the Cell. 3rd edition. New York: Garland Science; 1994.
Figure 7-38Dual control of the lac operon.

Glucose and lactose levels control the initiation of transcription of the lac operon through their effects on the lac repressor protein and CAP. Lactose addition increases the concentration of allolactose, which binds to the repressor protein and removes it from the DNA. Glucose addition decreases the concentration of cyclic AMP; because cyclic AMP no longer binds to CAP, this gene activator protein dissociates from the DNA, turning off the operon. As shown in Figure 7-11, CAP is known to induce a bend in the DNA when it binds; for simplicity, the bend is not shown here. LacZ, the first gene of the lac operon, encodes the enzyme β-galactosidase, which breaks down the disaccharide lactose to galactose and glucose.
The essential features of the lac operon are summarized in the figure, but in reality the situation is more complex. For one thing, there are several lac repressor binding sites located at different positions along the DNA. Although the one illustrated exerts the greatest effect, the others are required for full repression. In addition, expression of the lac operon is never completely shut down. A small amount of the enzyme β-galactosidase is required to convert lactose to allolactose thereby permitting the lac repressor to be inactivated when lactose is added to the growth medium.

How Genetic Switches Work.

Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, et al. Molecular Biology of the Cell. 4th edition. New York: Garland Science; 2002.
Figure 5-13Regulation of lac operon in E. coli

Structural genes lacZ, lacY, and lacA code for β-galactosidase, β-galactoside permease, and b-galactoside transacetylase, respectively. The physiologic role of lacA is unknown. The lac repressor is product of lacI gene in separate regulatory operon. Transcription of mRNA encoding lacZ, lacY, and lacA is negatively regulated. and binding of lac repressor to operator lacO prevents initiation of transcription at promoter lacP. Inducer binds to lac repressor and inactivates it. Catabolite activator protein (CAP) forms a complex with cyclic AMP, and binding of the complex to a site immediately adjacent to the lac promoter stimulates transcription of the lac operon by RNA polymerase. An expanded diagram of the lac operator-promoter region shows the binding sites for CAP, RNA polymerase, and lac repressor.

Genetics.

Baron S, editor. Medical Microbiology. 4th edition. Galveston (TX): University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston; 1996.
Figure 3.4

Jacob and Monod's 1961 models of the lac operon and the regulation of protein synthesis.⁴⁶ (Reproduced with permission from Elsevier.) Note that in both models the lac repressor is drawn as an RNA.

Halcyon Days.

Mattick J, Amaral P. RNA, the Epicenter of Genetic Information: A new understanding of molecular biology. Abingdon (UK): CRC Press; 2022 Sep 20.