Concentrations in the basal ganglia of control and Parkinson's disease human brains. A: Glutamate, aspartate and GABA. Values are presented as mean ± SEM. Thala, anterior thalamus; Thalvl, ventral lateral thalamus; Thalva, ventral anterior thalamus; Thalm, medial thalamus; Thalcm, centromedial thalamus; STN, subthalamic nucleus; GPL, lateral globus pallidus; GPM, medial globus pallidus; Nacc, nucleus accumbens; Put, anterior putamen; CNcau, tail of caudate nucleus; CNcorp, body of the caudate nucleus; CNcap, head of caudate nucleus; SNr, substantia nigra pars reticulata; SNc, substantia nigra pars compacta; Gpre, precentral gyrus; Gpost, postcentral gyrus; fr Ctx, frontal cortex. (Modified from [32], with permission.) B: Dopamine and its metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA). Values are presented as mean ± SEM. Thala, anterior thalamus; Thalvl, ventral lateral thalamus; Thalva, ventral anterior thalamus; Thalm, medial thalamus; Thalcm, centromedial thalamus; STN, subthalamic nucleus; GPL, lateral globus pallidus; GPM, medial globus pallidus; Nacc, nucleus accumbens; Put, anterior putamen; CNcau, tail of caudate nucleus; CNcorp, body of the caudate nucleus; CNcap, head of caudate nucleus; SNr, substantia nigra pars reticulata; SNc, substantia nigra pars compacta; Gpre, precentral gyrus; Gpost, postcentral gyrus; fr Ctx, frontal cortex. (Modified from [32], with permission.)