"Genes, vpu" - Books

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vpu in Human immunodeficiency virus 1 Homo sapiens All 2 Gene records

Results: 13 books (36 items)

Select item 16868401.

Retroviruses.

Coffin JM, Hughes SH, Varmus HE, editors.

Cold Spring Harbor (NY): Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; 1997.

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Select item 15020682.

Annual Reviews Collection [Internet].

Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2002 Nov.

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Select item 28850003.

Chimpanzees in Biomedical and Behavioral Research: Assessing the Necessity.

Institute of Medicine (US) and National Research Council (US) Committee on the Use of Chimpanzees in Biomedical and Behavioral Research; Altevogt BM, Pankevich DE, Shelton-Davenport MK, et al., editors.

Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2011.

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Select item 40851564.

Biological Agents.

IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans.

Lyon (FR): International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2012. (IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, No. 100B.)

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Select item 43762645.

Human Immunodeficiency Viruses and Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Viruses.

IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans.

Lyon (FR): International Agency for Research on Cancer; 1996. (IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, No. 67.)

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Select item 50977726.

The Scientific Future of DNA for Immunization: This report is based on an American Academy of Microbiology colloquium held May 31–June 2, 1996.

Washington (DC): American Society for Microbiology; 1997.

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Select item 18957887.

Molecular Biology of the Cell. 4th edition.

Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, et al.

New York: Garland Science; 2002.

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Select item 34012948.

Endotext [Internet].

Feingold KR, Anawalt B, Blackman MR, et al., editors.

South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc.; 2000-.

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Select item 14152809.

Madame Curie Bioscience Database [Internet].

Austin (TX): Landes Bioscience; 2000-2013.

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Select item 158168610.

Medical Microbiology. 4th edition.

Baron S, editor.

Galveston (TX): University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston; 1996.

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Select item 165410611.

Immunobiology: The Immune System in Health and Disease. 5th edition.

Janeway CA Jr, Travers P, Walport M, et al.

New York: Garland Science; 2001.

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Select item 301660212.

The Science and Applications of Microbial Genomics: Workshop Summary.

Institute of Medicine (US) Forum on Microbial Threats.

Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2013.

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Select item 532579013.

Report on Carcinogens Monograph on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1: RoC Monograph 08 [Internet].

National Toxicology Program.

Research Triangle Park (NC): National Toxicology Program; 2016 Aug.

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Figure 25-15A map of the HIV genome

This retroviral genome consists of about 9000 nucleotides and contains nine genes, the locations of which are shown in green and red. Three of the genes (green) are common to all retroviruses: gag encodes capsid proteins, env encodes envelope proteins, and pol encodes both the reverse transcriptase and the integrase proteins (discussed in Chapter 5). The HIV genome is unusually complex, because it contains six small genes (red), in addition to the three large genes (green) normally required for the retrovirus life cycle. At least some of these small genes encode proteins that regulate viral gene expression (tat and rev—see Figure 7-97); others encode proteins that modify host cell processes, including protein trafficking (vpu and nef) and progression through the cell cycle (vpr). As indicated by the red lines, RNA splicing (using the host cell spliceosome) is required to produce the Rev and Tat proteins.

Introduction to Pathogens.

Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, et al. Molecular Biology of the Cell. 4th edition. New York: Garland Science; 2002.
Figure 7-96The compact genome of HIV, the human AIDS virus

The positions of the nine HIV genes are shown in green. The red double line indicates a DNA copy of the viral genome which has become integrated into the host DNA (gray). Note that the coding regions of many genes overlap, and those of tat and rev are split by introns. The blue line at the bottom of the figure represents the pre-mRNA transcript of the viral DNA showing the locations of all the possible splice sites (arrows). There are many alternative ways of splicing the viral transcript; for example the env mRNAs retain the intron that has been spliced out of the tat and rev mRNAs. The Rev response element (RRE) is indicated by a blue ball and stick. It is a 234-nucleotide long stretch of RNA that folds into a defined structure; Rev recognizes a particular hairpin (see Figure 6-94) within this larger structure.
The gag gene codes for a protein that is cleaved into several smaller proteins that form the viral capsid. The pol gene codes for a protein that is cleaved to produce reverse transcriptase (which transcribes RNA into DNA) as well as the integrase involved in integrating the viral genome (as double-stranded DNA) into the host genome. Pol is produced by ribosomal frameshifting of translation that begins at gag (see Figure 6-78). The env gene codes for the envelope proteins (see Figure 5-73). Tat, Rev, Vif, Vpr, Vpu, and Nef are small proteins with a variety of functions. For example, Rev regulates nuclear export (see Figure 7-97) and Tat regulates the elongation of transcription across the integrated viral genome (see p. 436).

Posttranscriptional Controls.

Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, et al. Molecular Biology of the Cell. 4th edition. New York: Garland Science; 2002.