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Longitudinal Fecal Virome and Association With Islet Autoimmunity in the TEDDY Study.
Associations are shown for common viruses in fecal samples. Panel A: increasing numbers of virus-positive samples (n=4,327 matched-pair samples; ln, log-linear association). Panel B: whether or not children were virus-positive from ages 3 to 6 months (n=370 matched-pair children). Panel C: whether or not children were positive for the virus in at least two consecutive samples (n=383 matched-pair children). Conditional logistic regression models were adjusted for the HLA-DR-DQ genotype. CI, confidence interval; EV, Enterovirus (species A–D); HAdV, human Adenovirus (species A–F); HLA, human leukocyte antigen; OR, odds ratio; TEDDY, The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young study.
* Statistically significant associations for enterovirus (a priori hypothesis) at P<0.05 or for other viruses that showed a false discovery rate (FDR) corrected q-value <0.05
SOURCE: Reference 131

Risk Factors by Stage of Type 1 Diabetes in the TEDDY Study.
See also Figure 4 for more details on the virus association. FDR, first-degree relatives of someone with type 1 diabetes (some differences in hazard ratios were observed depending on type of FDR and first-appearing autoantibody); GAD, glutamic acid decarboxylase; HLA, human leukocyte antigen (here, comparing among selected high- to moderate-risk genotypes included in TEDDY); HR, hazard ratio; IA-2, insulinoma antigen 2; SD, standard deviation; SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism; TEDDY, The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young study; ZnT8, zinc transporter 8.
* Factors that were nominally significant (without correction for multiple testing) predictors in multivariable Cox regression. See reference 37 for rs-number/exact SNP and reference alleles. Hazard ratios per allele ranged from approximately 0.7 to 1.4, with most between 0.85 and 1.15. Most of these SNPs showed similar magnitude of association for islet autoimmunity overall (at least one islet autoantibody), insulin autoantibody first, and GAD autoantibodies first, although associations were not always significant for both subgroups. The clear exception was rs689 near the insulin gene (INS), which was a risk factor for insulin autoantibodies first, but not for GAD autoantibodies first.
† Hazard ratio comparing Finland versus United States or Germany was approximately 1.5. Not all pairwise country differences were statistically significant.
SOURCE: All data from reference 37, except Enterovirus B data from reference 131