Annex 7Priority questions in the format of population, intervention, control and outcomes (PICO)
Adults
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| What is the effect of increased potassium compared with lower intake on health outcomes? What is the optimal level of potassium intake for maximum benefit? |
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| Population | Adults (≥16 years of age) with or without hypertension, or a population of adults (some with and some without hypertension) not acutely ill and not requiring potassium management (with or without type 2 diabetes, previous cardiovascular disease, previous cancer, etc) |
| Intervention (or exposure) | Intervention: increased potassium via advice, specific foods, supplements or whole diet provided and unconfounded by other dietary, weight, lifestyle or pharmaceutical interventions.
Exposure: single baseline or repeated potassium intake measurement by dietary intake assessment or urinary potassium excretion |
| Control | Diet with a potassium level lower than in the intervention (may be usual intake or specific potassium intake) via advice or no advice or specific foods or supplements or whole diet provided. |
| Specific comparisons | Increased potassium intake (any level) versus lower potassium
(usual potassium intake)
Increased potassium intake to at least 90mmol/day versus lower intake. Increased potassium intake to at least 120mmol/day versus lower intake. Increased potassium intake to at least 155mmol/day versus lower intake. |
| Outcomes | Blood pressure (systolic and/or diastolic), all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, stroke, coronary heart disease, renal function, adverse effects (blood lipids, catecholamine levels and any other adverse events reported by study authors) |
| Settings | All countries |
Children
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| What is the effect of increased potassium intake compared with lower intake on blood pressure and potential adverse effects? |
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| Population | Children or adolescents (2–15 years inclusive), not acutely ill and not requiring potassium management (with or without type 2 diabetes, previous cardiovascular disease, previous cancer, etc.) |
| Intervention (or exposure) | Intervention: increased potassium via advice, specific foods, supplements or whole diet provided and unconfounded by other dietary, weight, lifestyle or pharmaceutical interventions.
Exposure: single baseline or repeated potassium intake measurement by dietary intake assessment or urinary potassium excretion |
| Control | Diet with a potassium level lower than in the intervention (may be usual intake or specific potassium intake) via advice or no advice or specific foods or supplements or whole diet provided. |
| Specific comparisons | Increased potassium intake (any level) versus lower potassium
(usual potassium intake)
Increased potassium intake to at least 90mmol/day versus lower intake. Increased potassium intake to at least 120mmol/day versus lower intake. Increased potassium intake to at least 155mmol/day versus lower intake. |
| Outcomes | Blood pressure (systolic and/or diastolic), adverse effects (blood lipids, catecholamine levels and any other adverse events reported by study authors) |
| Settings | All countries |
