Chronic respiratory diseases (USDHHS 2004) |
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Maternal smoking in pregnancy | | | |
Reduced lung function in infants | X | | |
Lower respiratory tract illnesses in infants | | X | |
Impaired lung function in childhood | | X | |
Active smoking | | | |
Lung growth in childhood and adolescence | X | | |
Onset of decline in lung function | X | | |
Respiratory symptoms | X | | |
Asthma-type symptoms | X | | |
Physician-diagnosed asthma | | | X |
Poor prognosis among asthmatics | | X | |
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Fertility, pregnancy, and pregnancy outcomes and other effects on offspring (USDHHS 2004) |
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Active smoking | | | |
Relation to sperm quality | | | X |
Reduced fertility among women | X | | |
Pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes | | | |
Ectopic pregnancy | | X | |
Spontaneous abortion | | X | |
Premature rupture of the membranes, placenta previa, and placental abruption | X | | |
Reduced risk for preeclampsia | X | | |
Preterm delivery and shortened gestation | X | | |
Fetal growth restriction and low birth weight | X | | |
Congenital malformations, infant mortality, and child physical and cognitive development | | | |
Congenital malformations in general | | | X |
Oral clefts | | X | |
Sudden infant death syndrome and maternal smoking during and after pregnancy | X | | |
Physical growth and neurocognitive development of children | | | X |
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Maternal and paternal secondhand exposure (USDHHS 2006) |
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Fertility and fecundability | | | |
Maternal | | X | |
Paternal | | X | |
Spontaneous abortion | | X | |
Neonatal mortality | | X | |
Sudden infant death syndrome | X | | |
Preterm delivery | | X | |
Small reduction in birth weight | X | | |
Congenital malformations | | | X |
Cognitive functioning among children | | | X |
Behavioral problems among children | | | X |
Children’s height/growth | | | X |
Cancer | | | |
Prenatal and postnatal exposure to secondhand smoke and childhood cancer | | X | |
Maternal exposure to secondhand smoke during pregnancy and childhood cancer | | | X |
Exposure to secondhand smoke during infancy and childhood cancer | | | X |
Prenatal and postnatal exposure to secondhand smoke and childhood leukemias | | X | |
Prenatal and postnatal exposure to secondhand smoke and childhood lymphomas | | X | |
Prenatal and postnatal exposure to secondhand smoke and childhood brain tumors | | X | |
Prenatal and postnatal exposure to secondhand smoke and other childhood cancer types | | | X |
Respiratory effects | | | |
Lower respiratory illnesses in infants and children | X | | |
Cough, phlegm, wheeze, and breathlessness among children of school age | X | | |
Ever having asthma among children of school age | X | | |
Onset of wheeze illnesses in early childhood | X | | |
Onset of childhood asthma | | X | |
Persistent adverse effects on lung function across childhood | X | | |
Lower level of lung function during childhood | X | | |